ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Embryonic development protein active in cancer growth
• Space weather: Explosions on Venus
• Tonsils make T-cells, too
• New universal platform for cancer immunotherapy
• Vitamin D intake may be associated with lower stress fracture risk in girls
• New Alzheimer's marker strongly predicts mental decline
• Stem cells can repair a damaged cornea
• New research supports theory of extraterrestrial impact
• Perception and preference may have genetic link to obesity
• New insights into cloud formation
• Discovery of a molecule that initiates maturation of mammalian eggs can lead to more IVF pregnancies
• Scientists gain new insight into prefrontal cortex activity
• The Blue Planet's new water budget: Do we have enough?
• Smart, self-healing hydrogels open far-reaching possibilities in medicine, engineering
• Demise of early large animals caused by both humans and climate change
• Advancing understanding of energy storage mechanisms
• Genetic link between visual pathways of hydras and humans discovered
• New nanoglue is thin and supersticky
• Spider silk conducts heat as well as metals
• Unraveling biological networks: Biological network motif discovery algorithms
• Will a genetic mutation cause trouble? Ask Spliceman
• Scientists search for source of creativity
• Sawfishes sure can wield a saw: Saw senses electric fields to locate prey and also attack
• Next-generation DNA sequencing to improve diagnosis for muscular dystrophy
• Spanking and genetics may increase childhood aggression
• Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can increase carbon storage in the soil
• Nanomaterials: A coating protocol
• Conscious perception has little to do with primary visual cortex, research suggests
• Building a beetle antifreeze
• The origin of organic magnets
• Evolving planets get a bumpy ride
• Stress making your blood pressure rise? Blame your immune system
• Warming of two degrees inevitable over Canada, experts say
• In forests, past disturbances obscure warming impacts
• Making memories: How one protein does it
• Personality change key to improving wellbeing
• How plants sniff out unhealthy neighbors to fight off infection
• Standing still in running water: Lotic dragon and damselfly species less able to adapt to climate change
• X-rays reveal how soil bacteria carry out surprising chemistry
• New direction for game controllers: Prototypes tug at thumb tips to enhance video gaming
• Escaping parasites and pathogens

Embryonic development protein active in cancer growth Posted: 05 Mar 2012 07:37 PM PST Scientists have identified a novel protein expressed by breast cancer cells – but not normal adult tissues – that could provide a new target for future anti-cancer drugs and treatments.

Space weather: Explosions on Venus Posted: 05 Mar 2012 02:37 PM PST A recent study has found clear evidence on Venus for a type of space weather outburst quite common at Earth, called a hot flow anomaly.

Tonsils make T-cells, too Posted: 05 Mar 2012 02:36 PM PST A new study provides evidence that immune cells called T lymphocytes, or T cells, can develop in human tonsils. The cells have been thought to develop only in the thymus, an organ of the immune system that sits on the heart. The findings could be important for improving stem-cell transplantation and for understanding the development of T-cell cancers and autoimmune diseases.

New universal platform for cancer immunotherapy Posted: 05 Mar 2012 02:35 PM PST Researchers report a universal approach to personalized cancer therapy based on T cells. It is the first time a system for making an adaptable, engineered T-cell to attack specific tumor types has been proposed, depending on which abnormal proteins, called antigens, are expressed by individual patients' tumor cells.

Vitamin D intake may be associated with lower stress fracture risk in girls Posted: 05 Mar 2012 02:34 PM PST Vitamin D may be associated with a lower risk of developing stress fractures in preadolescent and adolescent girls, especially among those very active in high-impact activities, according to a new report.

New Alzheimer's marker strongly predicts mental decline Posted: 05 Mar 2012 02:33 PM PST A new marker of Alzheimer's disease can predict how rapidly a patient's memory and other mental abilities will decline after the disorder is diagnosed, researchers have found.

Stem cells can repair a damaged cornea Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:08 PM PST A new cornea may be the only way to prevent a patient going blind -- but there is a shortage of donated corneas and the queue for transplantation is long. Scientists have for the first time successfully cultivated stem cells on human corneas, which may in the long term remove the need for donators.

New research supports theory of extraterrestrial impact Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:08 PM PST Scientists have identified a nearly 13,000-year-old layer of thin, dark sediment buried in the floor of Lake Cuitzeo in central Mexico. The sediment layer contains an exotic assemblage of materials, including nanodiamonds, impact spherules, and more, which, according to the researchers, are the result of a cosmic body impacting Earth.

Perception and preference may have genetic link to obesity Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:08 PM PST New discoveries suggest that fats are perceived on the tongue as a "taste" sensation by binding to specialized receptors on taste buds. More specifically, fats are broken down in the mouth to fatty acids, and it's the fatty acids that bind to these receptors.

New insights into cloud formation Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:07 PM PST Clouds have a profound effect on the climate, but we know surprisingly little about how they form. Researcher have studied how extremely small cloud particles can dispose of excess energy. This knowledge is necessary to understand processes in the atmosphere that affect global climate change.

Discovery of a molecule that initiates maturation of mammalian eggs can lead to more IVF pregnancies Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:06 PM PST Women who have eggs that cannot mature will not become pregnant, and they cannot be helped by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Now researchers have identified a molecule called Cdk1 that has an important function for mammalian egg maturation. In the future this could lead to an increased rate of successful IVF.

Scientists gain new insight into prefrontal cortex activity Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:06 PM PST The brain has a remarkable ability to learn new cognitive tasks while maintaining previously acquired knowledge about various functions necessary for everyday life. But exactly how new information is incorporated into brain systems that control cognitive functions has remained a mystery.

The Blue Planet's new water budget: Do we have enough? Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:06 PM PST Investigating the history of water on Earth is critical to understanding the planet's climate. One central question is whether Earth has always had the same amount of water on and surrounding it, the same so-called "water budget". Has Earth gained or lost water from comets and meteorites? Has water been lost into space? New research into the Earth's primordial oceans revisits Earth's historical water budget.

Smart, self-healing hydrogels open far-reaching possibilities in medicine, engineering Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:06 PM PST Bioengineers have developed a self-healing hydrogel that binds in seconds, as easily as Velcro, and forms a bond strong enough to withstand repeated stretching. The material has numerous potential applications, including medical sutures, targeted drug delivery, industrial sealants and self-healing plastics.

Demise of early large animals caused by both humans and climate change Posted: 05 Mar 2012 01:06 PM PST Past waves of extinctions which removed some of the world's largest animals were caused by both people and climate change, according to new research.

Advancing understanding of energy storage mechanisms Posted: 05 Mar 2012 12:07 PM PST Materials researchers have given the engineering world a better look at the inner functions of the electrodes of supercapacitors -- the low-cost, lightweight energy storage devices used in many electronics, transportation and many other applications.

Genetic link between visual pathways of hydras and humans discovered Posted: 05 Mar 2012 12:06 PM PST What good is half an eye? Evolutionary biologists studying the origins of vision get that question a lot, and new research points to a possible answer. New findings indicate that, even in the absence of eyes altogether, some creatures display a light-sensitivity that uses the same visual pathway that allows humans to see.

New nanoglue is thin and supersticky Posted: 05 Mar 2012 12:06 PM PST Engineers have invented a superthin "nanoglue" that could be used in new-generation microchip fabrication.

Spider silk conducts heat as well as metals Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:26 AM PST Researchers have discovered that spider silk is surprisingly good at transferring heat. Spider silk, in fact, conducts heat as well or better than most metals.

Unraveling biological networks: Biological network motif discovery algorithms Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:25 AM PST A new approach to disentangling the complexities of biological networks, such as the way in which proteins interact in our body's cells has been developed. The new algorithm could allow biologists and biomedical researchers to unravel new clues about how cells work and what goes awry with such networks in various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer.

Will a genetic mutation cause trouble? Ask Spliceman Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:24 AM PST New, free Web-based software analyzes DNA sequences to determine if mutations are likely to cause errors in splicing of messenger RNA. When gene splicing goes awry, a wide variety of diseases can result.

Scientists search for source of creativity Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:24 AM PST Researchers are working to pin down the exact source of creativity in the brain -- and have found that the left hemisphere of your brain, thought to be the logic and math portion, actually plays a critical role in creative thinking.

Sawfishes sure can wield a saw: Saw senses electric fields to locate prey and also attack Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:24 AM PST Sawfishes wouldn't be sawfishes if they didn't come equipped with long toothy snouts -- their saws. Now, researchers have figured out what they use those saws for, and it turns out the answer is quite impressive. The saws themselves have tiny sensors that enable sawfishes to detect the electric fields of other nearby animals.

Next-generation DNA sequencing to improve diagnosis for muscular dystrophy Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:23 AM PST Scientists have used a revolutionary new DNA-reading technology for a research project that could lead to correct genetic diagnosis for muscle-wasting diseases. The technique could be used to offer people with muscular dystrophy, or a related neuromuscular condition, a more accurate prognosis, which would enable them to make more informed choices on life decisions, including family planning.

Spanking and genetics may increase childhood aggression Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:22 AM PST The risk of problem behavior during childhood — particularly for boys — is greatly increased if children have genetic predispositions for these behaviors and if they are spanked by their parents.

Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can increase carbon storage in the soil Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:22 AM PST Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can increase carbon storage in the soil, according to results from a 12-year carbon dioxide-enrichment experiment.

Nanomaterials: A coating protocol Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:20 AM PST A robust approach for preparing polymer-coated quantum dots may find use in a wide range of applications.

Conscious perception has little to do with primary visual cortex, research suggests Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:18 AM PST Imaging data suggest that conscious perception has little to do with the primary visual cortex -- the region where visual information enters the brain. From a purely intuitive point of view, it is easy to believe that our ability to actively pay attention to a target is inextricably connected with our capacity to consciously perceive it. However, this proposition remains the subject of extensive debate in the research community, and surprising new findings promise to fuel the debate.

Building a beetle antifreeze Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:18 AM PST An Alaskan beetle beats the cold using an unusual, natural antifreeze with a novel mode of action that scientists are beginning to unravel.

The origin of organic magnets Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:18 AM PST A theoretical model for the unusual occurrence of magnetism in organic molecules may help develop this class of material for electronics applications.

Evolving planets get a bumpy ride Posted: 05 Mar 2012 10:17 AM PST The formation of planets occurs under constant bombardment from particles ranging from a few nanometers to tens of kilometers in size, according to recent analyses of asteroid samples by scientists. The study is the first reported analysis of grains taken directly from a solar body in space.

Stress making your blood pressure rise? Blame your immune system Posted: 05 Mar 2012 07:32 AM PST If stress is giving you high blood pressure, blame the immune system. T cells, helpful for fighting infections, are also necessary for mice to show an increase in blood pressure after a period of psychological stress, scientists have found. The findings suggest the effects of chronic stress on cardiovascular health may be a side effect of having an immune system that can defend us from infection. There also are potential implications for treating both high blood pressure and anxiety disorders.

Warming of two degrees inevitable over Canada, experts say Posted: 05 Mar 2012 07:31 AM PST Even if zero emissions of greenhouse gases were to be achieved, the world's temperature would continue to rise by about a quarter of a degree over a decade. That's a best-case scenario, according to a new article. Experts urge the public, governments and industries to wake up to a harsh new reality.

In forests, past disturbances obscure warming impacts Posted: 05 Mar 2012 07:30 AM PST Past disturbances, such as logging, can obscure the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. So reports a new study. The article, exploring nitrogen dynamics, found that untangling climate impacts from other factors can be difficult, even when scientists have access to decades of data on a forest's environmental conditions.

Making memories: How one protein does it Posted: 05 Mar 2012 07:24 AM PST Studying tiny bits of genetic material that control protein formation in the brain, scientists say they have new clues to how memories are made and how drugs might someday be used to stop disruptions in the process that lead to mental illness and brain wasting diseases.

Personality change key to improving wellbeing Posted: 05 Mar 2012 05:14 AM PST People's personalities can change considerably over time, say scientists, suggesting that leopards really can change their spots.

How plants sniff out unhealthy neighbors to fight off infection Posted: 05 Mar 2012 05:12 AM PST A new study sheds light on how plants sniff out unhealthy neighbors to fight off infection. People and animals are not the only ones who can smell. Plants are also able to perceive odors, but they process them in a very different way . While insects or mammals smell odors within a second of exposure, plants require much longer exposure times to respond. Then using this information, they react effectively to the odors emitted by infected or infested neighboring plants in order to increase their resistance to pest insects or disease.

Standing still in running water: Lotic dragon and damselfly species less able to adapt to climate change Posted: 05 Mar 2012 05:12 AM PST A new study throws light on the capability of individual dragonfly species to track climate change. The authors show that dragonfly species which breed in pools and ponds are better able to cope with climate change than species whose habitats are streams and rivers. The results are based on a comparison of the projected and observed distributions of European dragonfly species in 2006 and 1988.

X-rays reveal how soil bacteria carry out surprising chemistry Posted: 05 Mar 2012 05:12 AM PST Researchers have discovered how soil bacteria carry out surprising chemistry, defying a longstanding set of chemical rules and thus paving the way for new synthesis of polyether drugs.

New direction for game controllers: Prototypes tug at thumb tips to enhance video gaming Posted: 05 Mar 2012 05:11 AM PST University of Utah engineers designed a new kind of video game controller that not only vibrates like existing devices, but pulls and stretches the thumb tips in different directions to simulate the tug of a fishing line, the recoil of a gun or the feeling of ocean waves.

Escaping parasites and pathogens Posted: 04 Mar 2012 11:18 AM PST In nature, how do host species survive parasite attacks? This has not been well understood, until now. A new mathematical model shows that when a host and its parasite each have multiple traits governing their interaction, the host has a unique evolutionary advantage that helps it survive.

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