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Saturday, May 24, 2014
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ScienceDaily: Most Popular News
ScienceDaily: Most Popular News |
- A glimpse into nature's looking glass -- to find the genetic code is reassigned: Stop codon varies widely
- Very distant galaxy cluster confirmed
- Professors' super waterproof surfaces cause water to bounce like a ball
- Bacteria and fungi from 1,500-year-old feces support archeological theories of Caribbean cultures
- Mars mineral could be linked to microbes
- Testing paleo diet hypothesis in test tubes: Surprising relationships between diet and hormones that suppress eating
- Antarctica's ice losses on the rise
- Keywords hold our vocabulary together in memory
- Favored by God in warfare? How WWI sowed seeds for future international conflicts
| Posted: 22 May 2014 11:14 AM PDT It has long been assumed that there is only one 'canonical' genetic code, so each word means the same thing to every organism. Now, this paradigm has been challenged by the discovery of large numbers of exceptions from the canonical genetic code.  |
| Very distant galaxy cluster confirmed Posted: 21 May 2014 10:37 AM PDT The structures and star populations of massive galaxies appear to change as they age, but much about how these galaxies formed and evolved remains mysterious. Many of the oldest and most massive galaxies reside in clusters, enormous structures where numerous galaxies are found concentrated together. Galaxy clusters in the early universe are thought to be key to understanding the lifecycles of old galaxies, but to date astronomers have located only a handful of these rare, distant structures.  |
| Professors' super waterproof surfaces cause water to bounce like a ball Posted: 20 May 2014 09:34 AM PDT Engineers have spent decades studying super-hydrophobic surfaces because of the plethora of real-life applications. And while some of this research has resulted in commercial products that keep shoes dry or prevent oil from building up on bolts, scientists are also aiming to uncovering characteristics that might lead to large-scale solutions for society.  |
| Bacteria and fungi from 1,500-year-old feces support archeological theories of Caribbean cultures Posted: 20 May 2014 08:59 AM PDT By evaluating the bacteria and fungi found in fossilized feces, microbiologists are providing evidence to help support archeologists' hypotheses regarding cultures living in the Caribbean over 1,500 years ago. Scientists examined the DNA preserved in coprolites from both Saladoid and Huecoid settlements and compared the bacterial and fungal populations found in each.  |
| Mars mineral could be linked to microbes Posted: 20 May 2014 07:05 AM PDT Scientists have discovered that living organisms on Earth were capable of making a mineral that may also be found on Mars. Scientists had believed deposits of the clay-mineral stevensite could only be formed in harsh conditions like volcanic lava and hot alkali lakes. However researchers have now found living microbes create an environment that allows stevensite to form, raising new questions about the stevensite found on Mars.  |
| Posted: 20 May 2014 06:35 AM PDT By comparing how gut microbes from human vegetarians and grass-grazing baboons digest different diets, researchers have shown that ancestral human diets, so called 'paleo' diets, did not necessarily result in better appetite suppression. The study reveals surprising relationships between diet and the release of hormones that suppress eating.  |
| Antarctica's ice losses on the rise Posted: 19 May 2014 08:02 AM PDT Three years of observations show that the Antarctic ice sheet is now losing 159 billion tons of ice each year -- twice as much as when it was last surveyed. Scientists have now produced the first complete assessment of Antarctic ice sheet elevation change.  |
| Keywords hold our vocabulary together in memory Posted: 19 May 2014 07:47 AM PDT Like key players in social networks, scientists have found evidence that there are keywords in word networks that hold together groups of words in our memory. The existence of keywords opens up many possible real-life applications such as helping individuals with word finding after stroke. Conversely, removing a keyword through psycholinguistic tasks, could actually disrupt language processing - fracturing our word network.  |
| Favored by God in warfare? How WWI sowed seeds for future international conflicts Posted: 15 May 2014 12:38 PM PDT World War I -- the "war to end all wars" -- in fact sowed seeds for future international conflicts in a way that has been largely overlooked: through religion, says a historian and author. Widespread belief in the supernatural was a driving force during the war and helped mold all three of the major religions -- Christianity, Judaism and Islam -- paving the way for modern views of religion and violence, he said.  |
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ScienceDaily: Top Science News
ScienceDaily: Top Science News |
- Failed dwarf galaxy survives galactic collision thanks to full dark-matter jacket
- Nature inspires drones of the future
- Promising discovery in fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- How the 'gut feeling' shapes fear
| Failed dwarf galaxy survives galactic collision thanks to full dark-matter jacket Posted: 23 May 2014 11:51 AM PDT Like a bullet wrapped in a full metal jacket, a high-velocity hydrogen cloud hurtling toward the Milky Way appears to be encased in a shell of dark matter, according to a new analysis. Astronomers believe that without this protective shell, the high-velocity cloud known as the Smith Cloud would have disintegrated long ago when it first collided with the disk of our Galaxy.  |
| Nature inspires drones of the future Posted: 23 May 2014 06:42 AM PDT Researchers have been taking tips from nature to build the next generation of flying robots. Based on the mechanisms adopted by birds, bats, insects and snakes, scientists have developed solutions to some of the common problems that drones could be faced with when navigating through an urban environment and performing novel tasks for the benefit of society.  |
| Promising discovery in fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria Posted: 22 May 2014 02:57 PM PDT A small molecule that prevents bacteria from forming into biofilms, a frequent cause of infections, has been discovered by researchers. The anti-biofilm peptide works on a range of bacteria including many that cannot be treated by antibiotics. "Currently there is a severe problem with antibiotic-resistant organisms," says the lead author of the study. "Our entire arsenal of antibiotics is gradually losing effectiveness."  |
| How the 'gut feeling' shapes fear Posted: 22 May 2014 07:48 AM PDT We are all familiar with that uncomfortable feeling in our stomach when faced with a threatening situation. By studying rats, researchers have been able to prove for the first time that our 'gut instinct' has a significant impact on how we react to fear. An unlit, deserted car park at night, footsteps in the gloom. The heart beats faster and the stomach ties itself in knots. We often feel threatening situations in our stomachs. While the brain has long been viewed as the center of all emotions, researchers are increasingly trying to get to the bottom of this proverbial gut instinct.  |
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ScienceDaily: Strange Science News
ScienceDaily: Strange Science News |
- Failed dwarf galaxy survives galactic collision thanks to full dark-matter jacket
- Nature inspires drones of the future
- Shorter lives for male fruit flies forced to compete
- Bacteria do not move randomly when they explore surface of host cells
| Failed dwarf galaxy survives galactic collision thanks to full dark-matter jacket Posted: 23 May 2014 11:51 AM PDT Like a bullet wrapped in a full metal jacket, a high-velocity hydrogen cloud hurtling toward the Milky Way appears to be encased in a shell of dark matter, according to a new analysis. Astronomers believe that without this protective shell, the high-velocity cloud known as the Smith Cloud would have disintegrated long ago when it first collided with the disk of our Galaxy.  |
| Nature inspires drones of the future Posted: 23 May 2014 06:42 AM PDT Researchers have been taking tips from nature to build the next generation of flying robots. Based on the mechanisms adopted by birds, bats, insects and snakes, scientists have developed solutions to some of the common problems that drones could be faced with when navigating through an urban environment and performing novel tasks for the benefit of society.  |
| Shorter lives for male fruit flies forced to compete Posted: 19 May 2014 06:28 AM PDT Males forced to compete with other males become less attractive to females and die young, a study of fruit flies has revealed. In the test, male fruit flies of the species Drosophila subobscura were kept either alone or in groups. The females of this species are monandrous -- they only mate once in their lives, meaning that males have to get very lucky to mate at all. As a result males compete furiously for access to females. Females strongly prefer the males that were kept alone, with females refusing to mate with three quarters of the males that previously had to battle with rivals.  |
| Bacteria do not move randomly when they explore surface of host cells Posted: 19 May 2014 06:19 AM PDT Pirates might have copied the technique they use to capture ships from bacteria. Just as the buccaneers used grappling hooks to pull their boat close to the ship they wished to loot, these single cell organisms use filigree rods - known as pili by biologists - to move across a surface. A research team has now developed an experimental model to mimic their movements.  |
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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News
ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
- Lack of plant diversity spurs cankerworm damage in cities
- Rapid evolution aids spread of exotic plant species
- Nature inspires drones of the future
- Body clock and its biological impact: Fruit fly research to provide new insight
- Bacterial adaptation contributes to pneumococcal threat in sickle cell disease patients
- Protein that may lead to malaria vaccine discovered
- Cell migration and the mysterious role of cadherin
- Cells: RaDAR guides proteins into the nucleus
- Genes discovered linking circadian clock with eating schedule
- Molecule acts as umpire to make tough life-or-death calls
| Lack of plant diversity spurs cankerworm damage in cities Posted: 23 May 2014 06:43 AM PDT A lack of plant diversity is a key contributor to the widespread defoliation caused by cankerworms in cities, which highlights the role that increasing diversity can play in limiting future damage. Fall cankerworms (Alsophila pometaria) are caterpillars that are native to the eastern United States and hatch in early spring. The cankerworms defoliate trees and other plants, eating new leaves as they emerge -- which is both unsightly and can ultimately kill the plants.  |
| Rapid evolution aids spread of exotic plant species Posted: 23 May 2014 06:42 AM PDT The first genetic evidence that rapid evolution can help non-native plant species spread in new environments has been presented by a team of biologists. Using samples of centuries-old herbaria and DNA analysis, the researchers reconstructed the genetic adaptations undergone by the Pyrenean rocket prior to its rapid spread in Belgium.  |
| Nature inspires drones of the future Posted: 23 May 2014 06:42 AM PDT Researchers have been taking tips from nature to build the next generation of flying robots. Based on the mechanisms adopted by birds, bats, insects and snakes, scientists have developed solutions to some of the common problems that drones could be faced with when navigating through an urban environment and performing novel tasks for the benefit of society.  |
| Body clock and its biological impact: Fruit fly research to provide new insight Posted: 23 May 2014 06:41 AM PDT How animals keep time through their internal circadian rhythms could help us understand why we sleep and how we cope with jet lag. Using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental model, researchers have discovered that the molecular and cellular 'clock' mechanisms of insects closely resemble those of mammals, including humans. As these biological clock systems not only control sleep, but also influence functions such as blood pressure and metabolic rate, they could give us greater insight into many medical conditions.  |
| Bacterial adaptation contributes to pneumococcal threat in sickle cell disease patients Posted: 23 May 2014 05:25 AM PDT Differences in the genetic code of pneumococcal bacteria have been identified by researcher that may explain why it poses such a risk to children with sickle cell disease and why current vaccines don't provide better protection against the infection. The findings will aid efforts to improve vaccine effectiveness and inform research into new ways to protect young sickle cell disease patients from life-threatening pneumococcal infections that can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, bloodstream infections and other problems.  |
| Protein that may lead to malaria vaccine discovered Posted: 22 May 2014 11:14 AM PDT A protein that is essential for malaria-causing parasites to escape from inside red blood cells has been discovered by scientists. This protein could lead to the development of a vaccine that would prevent the progression of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which kills one child every 15 seconds each year in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, according to new research.  |
| Cell migration and the mysterious role of cadherin Posted: 22 May 2014 10:34 AM PDT Fruit-fly ovaries were used in a new study to uncover how E-cadherin guides collective cell migration. According to traditional scientific dogma, E-cadherin acts like the mortar between bricks, holding cells together and preventing motility. This research team found the opposite: Cadherin is actually promoting the ability of cells to move and migrate. "It's doing it in three different ways in three different parts of the cell," the lead investigator said. "In each spot in the cell, cadherin is doing something different and all of those function together to orchestrate the movement of cells."  |
| Cells: RaDAR guides proteins into the nucleus Posted: 22 May 2014 09:34 AM PDT A novel pathway by which proteins are actively and specifically shuttled into the nucleus of a cell has been discovered by scientists. The finding captures a precise molecular barcode that flags proteins for such import and describes the biochemical interaction that drives this critically important process. The discovery could help illuminate the molecular dysfunction that underpins a broad array of ailments, ranging from autoimmune diseases to cancers.  |
| Genes discovered linking circadian clock with eating schedule Posted: 22 May 2014 09:33 AM PDT For most people, the urge to eat a meal or snack comes at a few, predictable times during the waking part of the day. But for those with a rare syndrome, hunger comes at unwanted hours, interrupts sleep and causes overeating. "We really never expected that we would be able to decouple the sleep-wake cycle and the eating cycle," says the senior study author. "It opens up a whole lot of future questions about how these cycles are regulated."  |
| Molecule acts as umpire to make tough life-or-death calls Posted: 22 May 2014 07:47 AM PDT An enzyme required for animal survival after birth functions like an umpire, making the tough calls required for a balanced response to signals that determine if cells live or die, researchers have discovered. The finding has established RIPK1's premier role in cell survival as inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis. The results also demonstrated that other pathways must exist in cells to maintain a balanced response to signals pushing for cell death via apoptosis or necroptosis.  |
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ScienceDaily: Living Well News
ScienceDaily: Living Well News |
- Poor Diet Before Pregnancy Linked with Preterm Birth
- Healthcare professionals must be aware of rarer causes of headaches in pregnancy
- Safety in numbers: Moderate drinking in a group reduces attraction to risk
- Are your kids at risk for a growing health problem? Pediatric hypertension threatens children, brings long-term health risks
- Dementia patients benefit from holistic exercise program, study shows
- Low-income Latino children show benefits from Montessori pre-kindergartern programs, study finds
| Poor Diet Before Pregnancy Linked with Preterm Birth Posted: 23 May 2014 11:51 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have confirmed that women who eat a poor diet before they become pregnant are around 50% more likely to have a preterm birth than those on a healthy diet. The study shows that women who consistently ate a diet high in protein and fruit prior to becoming pregnant were less likely to have a preterm birth, while those who consistently ate high fat and sugar foods, and take-out food were about 50% more likely to have a preterm birth.  |
| Healthcare professionals must be aware of rarer causes of headaches in pregnancy Posted: 23 May 2014 05:29 AM PDT Most headaches in pregnancy and the postnatal period are benign, but healthcare professionals must be alert to the rarer and more severe causes of headaches, suggests a new review. There are 85 different types of headache. Approximately 90% of headaches in pregnancy are migraine or tension-type headaches. However, pregnancy can lead to an increased risk of certain secondary headaches, a headache caused by an underlying health condition, states the review.  |
| Safety in numbers: Moderate drinking in a group reduces attraction to risk Posted: 22 May 2014 07:51 AM PDT Individuals who have consumed moderate amounts of alcohol in social situations are likely to view risky situations with greater caution when considering them as part of a group, new research shows. The research produced the first evidence found outside of laboratory conditions that being in a group can reduce some effects of alcohol consumption. The findings could lead to the design of new interventions designed to promote safer recreational drinking.  |
| Posted: 21 May 2014 10:32 AM PDT Hypertension is estimated to affect more than 50 million Americans and is the leading causes of cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease, and cerebrovascular accidents. And although it is more common in adults, hypertension affects nearly 5 percent of the pediatric population. For High Blood Pressure Awareness Month, researchers are shedding some light on a growing health problem among our country's youth.  |
| Dementia patients benefit from holistic exercise program, study shows Posted: 19 May 2014 11:26 AM PDT While dementia patients can often suffer from depression and declining physical and mental ability, exercise has been shown to help improve both their physical and psychological wellbeing. Researchers investigated how combining cognitive activities and elements of yoga, tai chi, qigong and meditation with routine physical exercise affected dementia patients. They found that a holistic exercise program focusing on both mind and body can help improve quality of life for dementia patients.  |
| Low-income Latino children show benefits from Montessori pre-kindergartern programs, study finds Posted: 19 May 2014 06:28 AM PDT Low-income Latino children who experienced one year of Montessori pre-K education at age 4 made dramatic improvements in early achievement and behavior even though they began the year at great risk for school failure, according to research. In contrast, although low-income black children made gains in school readiness when enrolled in Montessori classrooms as well, they exhibited slightly greater gains when they attended more conventional public school pre-kindergarten programs.  |
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