ScienceDaily: Top News

---

• NASA's GALEX reveals the largest-known spiral galaxy
• Oxygen to the core: Earth's core formed under more oxidizing conditions than previously proposed
• Study deflates notion that pear-shaped bodies more healthy than apples: Abnormal proteins from buttock fat linked to metabolic syndrome
• Saliva gland test for Parkinson's disease?
• Stem cells found to heal damaged artery in lab study in baboons
• Scientists uncover potential drug target to block cell death in Parkinson's disease
• Virus caught in the act of infecting a cell
• Surgical technique spots cancer invasion with fluorescence
• Significant increase in flu cases as severe flu season gains momentum
• Cloudy mystery solved: A puzzling cloud near the galaxy's center may hold clues to how stars are born
• Careful immunotherapy reduces allergic patients' sensitivity to peanuts, study suggests
• Effects of China's One Child Policy on its children
• A rock is a clock: Physicist uses matter to tell time
• New material harvests energy from water vapor
• Accepted model for brain signaling flawed
• New nanotech fiber: Robust handling, shocking performance
• Molecular machine could hold key to more efficient manufacturing
• A snapshot of pupfish evolution
• 3-D biomimetic scaffolds support regeneration of complex tissues from stem cells
• Ethical dilemmas in social network-based research
• Helping patients navigate new cancer drugs
• Lower nitrogen losses with perennial biofuel crops
• Researchers find causality in the eye of the beholder
• Cancer scientists determine mechanism of one of the most powerful tumor-suppressor proteins, Chd5
• New insights into HIV vaccine will improve drug development
• Next steps in potential stem cell therapy for diabetes: Study looks at differentiation of hESCs in endocrine cell progression
• Regulating single protein prompts fibroblasts to become neurons
• Study points to a safer, better test for chromosomal defects in the fetus
• Decline in available liver transplants expected
• Cutting in and weaving irritate drivers the most, new study on road rage shows
• Surgeons may use hand gestures to manipulate MRI images in OR
• Giant tobacco plants that stay young forever
• Scientists design, control movements of molecular motor; Study offers blueprint for creating machines at the nanoscale
• New tool to help brain surgeons one step closer to operating room
• Is there a period of increased vulnerability for repeat traumatic brain injury?
• NASA researchers studying advanced nuclear rocket technologies
• Limiting polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in pregnancy may influence body fat of children
• Solving puzzles without a picture: New algorithm assembles chromosomes from next generation sequencing data
• Human hearts generate new cells after birth; Findings could lead to novel approaches for treating heart failure in children
• Researchers identify a new gene with a key role in obesity and diabetes
• Rhythms in the brain help give a sense of location, study shows
• Study identifies infants at highest risk of death from pertussis; Early and repeated white blood cell counts are a critical tool
• IUD best treatment for heavy periods, major trial shows
• Dopamine regulates the motivation to act, study shows
• Death on a nanometer scale: Study measures holes antibacterials create in cell walls
• Bullying causes significant short-term emotional and physical consequences for children with autism
• Scientists develop strongest, lightest glass nanofibers in the world
• Music from the ear: Researchers show how an objective audiometric test can become even more reliable
• Overweight begins in the womb: Lifestyle of mother shapes disposition for subsequent weight
• A jumble of exotic stars: New VISTA snap of star cluster 47 Tucanae
• Banded mongooses structure monosyllabic sounds in a similar way to humans
• Life possible on extrasolar moons

NASA's GALEX reveals the largest-known spiral galaxy Posted: 10 Jan 2013 02:08 PM PST The spectacular barred spiral galaxy NGC 6872 has ranked among the biggest stellar systems for decades. Now astronomers have crowned it the largest-known spiral.

Oxygen to the core: Earth's core formed under more oxidizing conditions than previously proposed Posted: 10 Jan 2013 01:13 PM PST Scientists have discovered that Earth's core formed under more oxidizing conditions than previously proposed. While scientists know that Earth accreted from some mixture of meteoritic material, there is no simple way to quantify precisely the proportions of these various materials. The new research defines how various materials may have been distributed and transported in the early solar system.

Study deflates notion that pear-shaped bodies more healthy than apples: Abnormal proteins from buttock fat linked to metabolic syndrome Posted: 10 Jan 2013 01:13 PM PST People who are "apple-shaped" -- with fat more concentrated around the abdomen -- have long been considered more at risk for conditions such as heart disease and diabetes than those who are "pear-shaped" and carry weight more in the buttocks, hips and thighs. But new research provides further evidence that the protective benefits of having a pear-body shape may be more myth than reality.

Saliva gland test for Parkinson's disease? Posted: 10 Jan 2013 01:13 PM PST New research suggests that testing a portion of a person's saliva gland may be a way to diagnose Parkinson's disease.

Stem cells found to heal damaged artery in lab study in baboons Posted: 10 Jan 2013 01:11 PM PST Scientists have for the first time demonstrated that baboon embryonic stem cells can be programmed to completely restore a severely damaged artery. These early results show promise for eventually developing stem cell therapies to restore human tissues or organs damaged by age or disease.

Scientists uncover potential drug target to block cell death in Parkinson's disease Posted: 10 Jan 2013 12:26 PM PST Oxidative stress is a primary villain in a host of diseases that range from cancer and heart failure to Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Now, scientists have found that blocking the interaction of a critical enzyme may counteract the destruction of neurons associated with these neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a potential new target for drug development.

Virus caught in the act of infecting a cell Posted: 10 Jan 2013 12:26 PM PST The detailed changes in the structure of a virus as it infects an E. coli bacterium have been observed for the first time.

Surgical technique spots cancer invasion with fluorescence Posted: 10 Jan 2013 12:26 PM PST A team of surgeons and scientists have developed a new technique that will allow surgeons to identify during surgery which lymph nodes are cancerous so that healthy tissue can be saved.

Significant increase in flu cases as severe flu season gains momentum Posted: 10 Jan 2013 12:26 PM PST Infectious disease experts are urging the public to get vaccinated against influenza in one of the most severe and longest flu seasons in a decade.

Cloudy mystery solved: A puzzling cloud near the galaxy's center may hold clues to how stars are born Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST It's the mystery of the curiously dense cloud. And astronomers are on the case. Despite being very dense, the cloud -- situated near the crowded galactic center -- does not form many stars. But now astronomers have discovered why.

Careful immunotherapy reduces allergic patients' sensitivity to peanuts, study suggests Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST New research provides additional support for a strategy to reduce the severity of reactions to peanut- repeatedly consuming small amounts of the very food that causes those reactions in the first place, a practice called immunotherapy. One patient's serious reaction, however, highlighted the care that must be taken to keep patients safe.

Effects of China's One Child Policy on its children Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST New research shows China's controversial One Child Policy has not only dramatically re-shaped the population, but has produced individuals lacking characteristics important for economic and social attainment.

A rock is a clock: Physicist uses matter to tell time Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST What is the simplest, most fundamental clock? Physicists have shown that a single atom is sufficient to measure time using its high-frequency matter wave. Conversely, the frequency of matter can be used to define its mass. The feat is a fundamental demonstration of wave-particle duality central to quantum mechanics.

New material harvests energy from water vapor Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST Engineers have created a new polymer film that can generate electricity by drawing on a ubiquitous source: water vapor.

Accepted model for brain signaling flawed Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST A new study turns two decades of understanding about how brain cells communicate on its head. The study demonstrates that the tripartite synapse -- a model long accepted by the scientific community and one in which multiple cells collaborate to move signals in the central nervous system -- does not exist in the adult brain.

New nanotech fiber: Robust handling, shocking performance Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST Scientists have created the first pure carbon nanotube fibers that combine many of the best features of highly conductive metal wires, strong carbon fibers and pliable textile thread. Researchers have now developed an industrially scalable process for making the threadlike fibers, which outperform commercially available products in a number of ways.

Molecular machine could hold key to more efficient manufacturing Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:21 AM PST An industrial revolution on a minute scale is taking place in the laboratory with the development of a highly complex machine that mimics how molecules are made in nature.

A snapshot of pupfish evolution Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:20 AM PST One biologist has bred more than 3,000 hybrid fish in his time as a graduate student in evolution and ecology, a pursuit that has helped him create one of the most comprehensive snapshots of natural selection in the wild and demonstrated a key prediction in evolutionary biology. New research shows that San Salvadoran pupfish are evolving at an explosively faster rate than other pupfish.

3-D biomimetic scaffolds support regeneration of complex tissues from stem cells Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:20 AM PST Stem cells can be grown on biocompatible scaffolds to form complex tissues such as bone, cartilage, and muscle for repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased tissue. However, to function properly, the cells must often grow in a specific pattern or alignment. An innovative method for creating a stretched polymer scaffold can support complex tissue architectures.

Ethical dilemmas in social network-based research Posted: 10 Jan 2013 11:20 AM PST The growing trend towards conducting research on youths as they use social networking sites like Facebook raises ethical questions in academia. Guidelines and best practices are lacking.

Helping patients navigate new cancer drugs Posted: 10 Jan 2013 10:10 AM PST As cancer treatment in pill form transforms how care is delivered, a new study underscores the challenges patients face in administering their own chemotherapy outside the supervised environment of a cancer clinic.

Lower nitrogen losses with perennial biofuel crops Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST Perennial biofuel crops such as miscanthus, whose high yields have led them to be considered an eventual alternative to corn in producing ethanol, are now shown to have another beneficial characteristic -- the ability to reduce the escape of nitrogen in the environment. In a 4-year study that compared miscanthus, switchgrass, and mixed prairie species to typical corn-corn-soybean rotations, each of the perennial crops were highly efficient at reducing nitrogen losses, with miscanthus having the greatest yield.

Researchers find causality in the eye of the beholder Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST We rely on our visual system more heavily than previously thought in determining the causality of events. A team of researchers has shown that, in making judgments about causality, we don't always need to use cognitive reasoning. In some cases, our visual brain -- the brain areas that process what the eyes sense -- can make these judgments rapidly and automatically.

Cancer scientists determine mechanism of one of the most powerful tumor-suppressor proteins, Chd5 Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST Researchers have solved the mystery of how one of the most powerful of the body's natural tumor-suppressing proteins, Chd5, exerts its beneficial effects. Chd5 engages processes fundamental to cancer prevention; and when Chd5 is mutated or missing, an important door is opened to cancer initiation. Thus figuring out how Chd5 works to prevent cancer can directly impact the treatment of many human cancers.

New insights into HIV vaccine will improve drug development Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST Four years ago, a potential HIV vaccine showed promise against the virus that causes AIDS, but it fell short of providing the broad protection necessary to stem the spread of disease. Now researchers -- led by Duke Medicine -- have gained additional insights into the workings of the vaccine that help explain why it benefited a third of recipients and left others vulnerable.

Next steps in potential stem cell therapy for diabetes: Study looks at differentiation of hESCs in endocrine cell progression Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST Researchers looked at the differences and similarities between two types of hESC-derived endocrine cell populations and primary human endocrine cells, with the longer-term goal of developing new stem cell therapies for diabetes.

Regulating single protein prompts fibroblasts to become neurons Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST Repression of a single protein in ordinary fibroblasts is sufficient to directly convert the cells -- abundantly found in connective tissues -- into functional neurons. The findings could have far-reaching implications for the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

Study points to a safer, better test for chromosomal defects in the fetus Posted: 10 Jan 2013 09:10 AM PST A noninvasive, sequencing-based approach for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in the developing fetus is safer and more informative in some cases than traditional methods, according to a new study. This method, which analyzes fetal DNA in the mother's blood, could provide women with a cost-effective way to find out whether their unborn baby will have major developmental problems without risking a miscarriage.

Decline in available liver transplants expected Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST A new study has found that the non-use of donor livers climbed through 2010 due to a worsening of donor liver quality, primarily from donation following cardiac death.

Cutting in and weaving irritate drivers the most, new study on road rage shows Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST Cutting in and weaving, speeding, and hostile displays are among the top online complaints posted by drivers, according to a new study.

Surgeons may use hand gestures to manipulate MRI images in OR Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST Doctors may soon be using a system in the operating room that recognizes hand gestures as commands to tell a computer to browse and display medical images of the patient during a surgery.

Giant tobacco plants that stay young forever Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST Tobacco plants bloom when they are just a few months old -- and then they die. Now, researchers have located a genetic switch which can keep the plants young for years and which permits unbounded growth. In short, an ideal source of biomass.

Scientists design, control movements of molecular motor; Study offers blueprint for creating machines at the nanoscale Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST An international team of scientists has taken the next step in creating nanoscale machines by designing a multi-component molecular motor that can be moved clockwise and counterclockwise.

New tool to help brain surgeons one step closer to operating room Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST A new tool that could allow for faster, more comprehensive testing of brain tissue during surgery successfully identified the cancer type, grade and tumor margins in five brain surgery patients.

Is there a period of increased vulnerability for repeat traumatic brain injury? Posted: 10 Jan 2013 08:13 AM PST Repeat traumatic brain injury affects a subgroup of the 3.5 million people who suffer head trauma each year. Even a mild repeat TBI that occurs when the brain is still recovering from an initial injury can result in poorer outcomes, especially in children and young adults. A metabolic marker that could serve as the basis for new mild TBI vulnerability guidelines is described in a new article.

NASA researchers studying advanced nuclear rocket technologies Posted: 10 Jan 2013 07:35 AM PST Advanced propulsion researchers at NASA are a step closer to solving the challenge of safely sending human explorers to Mars and other solar system destinations. By using an innovative test facility at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, researchers are able to use non-nuclear materials to simulate nuclear thermal rocket fuels -- ones capable of propelling bold new exploration missions to the Red Planet and beyond.

Limiting polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in pregnancy may influence body fat of children Posted: 10 Jan 2013 07:24 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated that mothers who have higher levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are found in cooking oils and nuts, during pregnancy have fatter children.

Solving puzzles without a picture: New algorithm assembles chromosomes from next generation sequencing data Posted: 10 Jan 2013 07:24 AM PST One of the most difficult problems in the field of genomics is assembling short "reads" of DNA into complete chromosomes. Now an interdisciplinary group of genome and computer scientists has solved this problem, creating an algorithm that can rapidly create "virtual chromosomes" with no prior information about how the genome is organized.

Human hearts generate new cells after birth; Findings could lead to novel approaches for treating heart failure in children Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:48 AM PST Researchers have found, for the first time, that young humans (infants, children and adolescents) are capable of generating new heart muscle cells. These findings refute the long-held belief that the human heart grows after birth exclusively by enlargement of existing cells, and raise the possibility that scientists could stimulate production of new cells to repair injured hearts.

Researchers identify a new gene with a key role in obesity and diabetes Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:47 AM PST An international team of scientists has identified a gene which regulates fat metabolism and is involved in the onset of obesity and related metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. The researchers regard this gene as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in humans.

Rhythms in the brain help give a sense of location, study shows Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:47 AM PST Scientists have shed light on how mechanisms in the brain work to give us a sense of location. Researchers tracked electrical signals in the part of the brain linked to spatial awareness.

Study identifies infants at highest risk of death from pertussis; Early and repeated white blood cell counts are a critical tool Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:47 AM PST A new study has found that taking early and repeated white blood cell counts is critical in determining whether infants have pertussis and which of those children are at highest risk of death from the disease.

IUD best treatment for heavy periods, major trial shows Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:44 AM PST The hormone-releasing Mirena coil intrauterine device (IUD) is a better treatment for heavy menstrual periods than other conventional medical approaches, according to results of a major clinical trial in the UK.

Dopamine regulates the motivation to act, study shows Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:44 AM PST The widespread belief that dopamine regulates pleasure could go down in history with the latest research results on the role of this neurotransmitter. Researchers have shown that it regulates motivation, causing individuals to initiate and persevere to obtain something either positive or negative.

Death on a nanometer scale: Study measures holes antibacterials create in cell walls Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:43 AM PST Researchers have created a biophysical model of the response of a Gram-positive bacterium to the formation of a hole in its cell wall, then used experimental measurements to validate the theory.

Bullying causes significant short-term emotional and physical consequences for children with autism Posted: 10 Jan 2013 06:43 AM PST Nearly 70 percent of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience emotional trauma as a result of being bullied, according to findings of a new study, while a significant portion were concerned for their own safety at school. The study also found that children with ASD who presented with pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses were at increased risk for involvement in bullying, with children diagnosed with ASD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression at highest risk of being victimized over a one month period.

Scientists develop strongest, lightest glass nanofibers in the world Posted: 10 Jan 2013 04:54 AM PST Globally the quest has been on to find ultrahigh strength composites, leading scientists to investigate light, ultrahigh strength nanowires that are not compromised by defects. Historically, carbon nanotubes were the strongest material available, but high strengths could only be measured in very short samples just a few microns long, providing little practical value. Now research has resulted in the creation of the strongest, lightest weight silica nanofibers -- 'nanowires' that are 15 times stronger than steel and can be manufactured in lengths potentially of thousands of kilometers.

Music from the ear: Researchers show how an objective audiometric test can become even more reliable Posted: 10 Jan 2013 04:54 AM PST Not only can the human ear detect sounds, it can also generate them. If the ear hears the two upper tones of a major triad, it produces the fundamental of the chord which can then be measured. This phenomenon, called "otoacoustic emission" (OAE), is used by otologists for objective audiometric tests, e.g. in newborns. Researchers have shown that an OAE audiometric test becomes even more reliable if the two sounds are transmitted to the ear not via a loudspeaker, but by bone conduction.

Overweight begins in the womb: Lifestyle of mother shapes disposition for subsequent weight Posted: 10 Jan 2013 04:54 AM PST A disposition for overweight is shaped even before birth, according to new research. The study reveals that children with a birth weight of more than 4,000 grams are twice as much at risk of becoming overweight in later life than those with normal birth weight.

A jumble of exotic stars: New VISTA snap of star cluster 47 Tucanae Posted: 10 Jan 2013 04:54 AM PST A new infrared image from the European Southern Observatory's VISTA telescope shows the globular cluster 47 Tucanae in striking detail. This cluster contains millions of stars, and there are many nestled at its core that are exotic and display unusual properties. Studying objects within clusters like 47 Tucanae may help us to understand how these oddballs form and interact.

Banded mongooses structure monosyllabic sounds in a similar way to humans Posted: 10 Jan 2013 04:53 AM PST Animals are more eloquent than previously assumed. Even the monosyllabic call of the banded mongoose is structured and thus comparable with the vowel and consonant system of human speech. Behavioral biologists have thus become the first to demonstrate that animals communicate with even smaller sound units than syllables.

Life possible on extrasolar moons Posted: 10 Jan 2013 04:53 AM PST In their search for habitable worlds, astronomers have started to consider exomoons, or those likely orbiting planets outside the solar system. In a new study, a pair of researchers has found that exomoons are just as likely to support life as exoplanets.

You are subscribed to email updates from ScienceDaily: Top News To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610