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Wednesday, October 29, 2014

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News


Ultrafast electron diffraction experiments open a new window on the microscopic world

Posted: 27 Oct 2014 03:22 PM PDT

Researchers have succeeded in simultaneously observing the reorganizations of atomic positions and electron distribution during the transformation of the "smart material" vanadium dioxide from a semiconductor into a metal – in a timeframe a trillion times faster than the blink of an eye.

How culture influences violence among the Amazon's ‘fierce people'

Posted: 27 Oct 2014 03:19 PM PDT

When Yanomamö men in the Amazon raided villages and killed decades ago, they formed alliances with men in other villages rather than just with close kin like chimpanzees do. And the spoils of war came from marrying their allies' sisters and daughters, rather than taking their victims' land and women.

Physicists closer to understanding balance of matter, antimatter in universe

Posted: 27 Oct 2014 11:50 AM PDT

Physicists have made important discoveries regarding Bs meson particles -- something that may explain why the Universe contains more matter than antimatter.

Emergent behavior lets bubbles 'sense' environment

Posted: 27 Oct 2014 07:05 AM PDT

Tiny, soapy bubbles can reorganize their membranes to let material flow in and out in response to the surrounding environment, according to researchers. This behavior could be exploited in creating microbubbles that deliver drugs or other payloads inside the body -- and could help us understand how the very first living cells on Earth might have survived billions of years ago.

How cells know which way to go

Posted: 27 Oct 2014 05:50 AM PDT

Amoebas aren't the only cells that crawl: Movement is crucial to development, wound healing and immune response in animals, not to mention cancer metastasis. In two new studies, researchers answer long-standing questions about how complex cells sense the chemical trails that show them where to go — and the role of cells' internal "skeleton" in responding to those cues.

Activity in dendrites critical in memory formation

Posted: 26 Oct 2014 04:53 PM PDT

Researchers have discovered how neurons in the brain might allow some experiences to be remembered while others are forgotten. Using a unique microscope, they peered into the brain of a living animal navigating a virtual reality maze. Images of individual neurons called place cells showed that, surprisingly, the activity of the cell body and its dendrites can be different. A lasting memory of an experience was not formed by neurons when cell bodies were activated but dendrites were not.

New evidence for an exotic, predicted superconducting state

Posted: 26 Oct 2014 04:53 PM PDT

Physicist have produced new evidence for an exotic superconducting state, first predicted a half-century ago, that can arise when a superconductor is exposed to a strong magnetic field.

Breakthrough in molecular electronics paves way for new generation of DNA-based computer circuits

Posted: 26 Oct 2014 04:52 PM PDT

Scientists have announced a significant breakthrough toward developing DNA-based electrical circuits. Molecular electronics, which uses molecules as building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components, has been seen as the ultimate solution to the miniaturization challenge. However, to date, no one has actually been able to make complex electrical circuits using molecules. Now scientists report reproducible and quantitative measurements of electricity flow through long molecules made of four DNA strands, signaling a significant breakthrough towards the development of DNA-based electrical circuits.

Astronomers image the exploding fireball stage of a nova

Posted: 26 Oct 2014 04:50 PM PDT

Astronomers have observed the expanding thermonuclear fireball from a nova that erupted last year in the constellation Delphinus with unprecedented clarity.

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