ScienceDaily: Most Popular News

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• Almost half of homeless men had traumatic brain injury in their lifetime
• Traces of recent water on Mars: Liquid water on Mars as recently as 200,000 years ago
• Increasing consumption of coffee associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, study finds
• Genomic diversity and admixture differs for stone-age Scandinavian foragers and farmers
• Cosmic illusion revealed: Gravitational lens magnifies supernova
• Astronomical forensics uncover planetary disks in NASA's Hubble archive
• Oldest pterodactyloid species discovered: Primitive flying reptile took wing 163 million years ago
• Mapping the road to quantum gravity
• Political ravens? Ravens notice the relationships among others, study shows
• 'Upside-down planet' reveals new method for studying binary star systems

Almost half of homeless men had traumatic brain injury in their lifetime Posted: 25 Apr 2014 07:47 AM PDT Almost half of all homeless men who took part in a study had suffered at least one traumatic brain injury in their life and 87 percent of those injuries occurred before the men lost their homes. While assaults were a major cause of those traumatic brain injuries, or TBIs, (60 per cent) many were caused by potentially non-violent mechanisms such as sports and recreation (44 per cent) and motor vehicle collisions and falls (42 per cent).

Traces of recent water on Mars: Liquid water on Mars as recently as 200,000 years ago Posted: 25 Apr 2014 04:50 AM PDT New research has shown that there was liquid water on Mars as recently as 200,000 years ago. The southern hemisphere of Mars is home to a crater that contains very well-preserved gullies and debris flow deposits. The geomorphological attributes of these landforms provide evidence that they were formed by the action of liquid water in geologically recent time.

Increasing consumption of coffee associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, study finds Posted: 24 Apr 2014 04:05 PM PDT Increasing coffee consumption by on average one and half cups per day over a four-year period reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by 11 percent, research shows. Coffee and tea consumption has been associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk but little is known about how changes in coffee and tea consumption influence subsequent type 2 diabetes risk, until now.

Genomic diversity and admixture differs for stone-age Scandinavian foragers and farmers Posted: 24 Apr 2014 12:18 PM PDT Scientists report a breakthrough on understanding the demographic history of Stone-Age humans. A genomic analysis of eleven Stone-Age human remains from Scandinavia revealed that expanding Stone-age farmers assimilated local hunter-gatherers, and that the hunter-gatherers were historically in lower numbers than the farmers. The transition between a hunting-gathering lifestyle and a farming lifestyle has been debated for a century. As scientists learned to work with DNA from ancient human material, a complete new way to learn about the people in that period opened up.

Cosmic illusion revealed: Gravitational lens magnifies supernova Posted: 24 Apr 2014 11:36 AM PDT Astronomers have announced the discovery of a galaxy that magnified a background, Type Ia supernova thirty-fold through gravitational lensing. This first example of strong gravitational lensing of a supernova confirms the team's previous explanation for the unusual properties of this supernova.

Astronomical forensics uncover planetary disks in NASA's Hubble archive Posted: 24 Apr 2014 11:09 AM PDT Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have applied a new image processing technique to obtain near-infrared scattered light photos of five disks observed around young stars in the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes database. These disks are telltale evidence for newly formed planets.

Oldest pterodactyloid species discovered: Primitive flying reptile took wing 163 million years ago Posted: 24 Apr 2014 09:46 AM PDT Scientists have discovered and named the earliest and most primitive pterodactyloid -- a group of flying reptiles that would go on to become the largest known flying creatures to have ever existed -- and established they flew above Earth some 163 million years ago, longer than previously known.

Mapping the road to quantum gravity Posted: 23 Apr 2014 12:09 PM PDT The road uniting quantum field theory and general relativity -- the two great theories of modern physics -- has been impassable for 80 years. Could a tool from condensed matter physics finally help map the way?

Political ravens? Ravens notice the relationships among others, study shows Posted: 23 Apr 2014 07:19 AM PDT Cognitive biologists have revealed that ravens do understand and keep track of the rank relations between other ravens. Such an ability has been known only from primates. Like many social mammals, ravens form different types of social relationships -- they may be friends, kin, or partners and they also form strict dominance relations. From a cognitive perspective, understanding one's own relationships to others is a key ability in daily social life ("knowing who is nice or not"). Yet, also understanding the relationships group members have with each other sets the stage for "political" maneuvers ("knowing who might support whom").

'Upside-down planet' reveals new method for studying binary star systems Posted: 21 Apr 2014 06:13 PM PDT What looked at first like a sort of upside-down planet has instead revealed a new method for studying binary star systems. Astronomers confirmed the first "self-lensing" binary star system -- one in which the mass of the closer star can be measured by how powerfully it magnifies light from its more distant companion star. Though our sun stands alone, about 40 percent of similar stars are in binary (two-star) or multi-star systems, orbiting their companions in a gravitational dance.

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