ScienceDaily: Top Environment News

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• Super-typhoon Haiyan maintains strength crossing Philippines
• Volunteers join scientists in finding out who gets rid of cow dung
• An albacore tuna tagged off the coast of Gipuzkoa had managed to cover a record distance when recaptured in Venezuela
• Defending food crops: Whitefly experimentation to prevent contamination of agriculture
• Super-Typhoon Haiyan lashes the Philippines
• 'Tiger stripes' underneath Antarctic glaciers slow the flow
• Tracking young salmon's first moves in the ocean
• High bat mortality from wind turbines
• Edited RNA plus invasive DNA add individuality
• Winter wonderland? Mountain hares feel more comfortable away from winter tourists
• Origins of cattle farming in China uncovered
• Unique change in protein structure guides production of RNA from DNA
• Century-old question about 3-D structure of mitotic chromosomes answered

Super-typhoon Haiyan maintains strength crossing Philippines Posted: 08 Nov 2013 08:22 AM PST Super-Typhoon Haiyan slammed into the eastern Philippines as the strongest tropical cyclone of the year, and today, Nov. 8, is exiting the country and moving into the South China Sea.

Volunteers join scientists in finding out who gets rid of cow dung Posted: 08 Nov 2013 07:27 AM PST With more than a billion cows around the world, an immense amount of dung is produced each day. Most of these droppings will evidently disappear, as the world is still green rather than brown. Now a team of scientists have joined forces with local volunteers to find out who decomposes the most of it in Finland, Northern Europe.

An albacore tuna tagged off the coast of Gipuzkoa had managed to cover a record distance when recaptured in Venezuela Posted: 08 Nov 2013 07:23 AM PST 6,370 kilometers across the Atlantic Ocean. That is the vast distance, as the crow flies, which has been covered by an albacore tuna tagged and released into the sea off a Gipuzkoan locality, 20 km to the north of Donostia-San Sebastian in October 2006. The specimen has recently been caught by Venezuelan fishermen just off the coast of their country. This is a record distance.

Defending food crops: Whitefly experimentation to prevent contamination of agriculture Posted: 08 Nov 2013 07:21 AM PST Agricultural researchers have developed a new technique to aid in the development of defenses against diseases threatening food crops worldwide.

Super-Typhoon Haiyan lashes the Philippines Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:18 AM PST Super-Typhoon Haiyan was lashing the central and southern Philippines on Nov. 7 bringing maximum sustained winds of a Category 5 hurricane. The U.S. National Hurricane Center website indicates that a Category 5 hurricane/typhoon would cause catastrophic damage: A high percentage of framed homes will be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.

'Tiger stripes' underneath Antarctic glaciers slow the flow Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:13 AM PST Researchers have discovered that most resistance to the movement of glaciers over the underlying bedrock comes from narrow, high-friction stripes that lie within large, extremely slippery areas underneath the glacier. These stripes are thought to govern the speed at which Antarctic glaciers are moving.

Tracking young salmon's first moves in the ocean Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:13 AM PST Basic ocean conditions such as current directions and water temperature play a huge role in determining the behavior of young migrating salmon as they move from rivers and hit ocean waters for the first time, according to new research. How the fish fare during their first few weeks in the ocean has a profound impact on species' ability to survive into adulthood.

High bat mortality from wind turbines Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:13 AM PST A new estimate of bat deaths caused by wind turbines concludes that more than 600,000 of the mammals likely died this way in 2012 in the contiguous United States. The estimate used sophisticated statistical techniques to infer the probable number of bat deaths at wind energy facilities from the number of dead bats found at 21 locations, correcting for the installed power capacity of the facilities. The high mortality is worrisome because bat populations grow only very slowly.

Edited RNA plus invasive DNA add individuality Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:13 AM PST An enzyme that edits RNA may loosen the genome's control over invasive snippets of DNA that affect how genes are expressed, according to new research. In fruit flies, that newly understood mechanism appears to contribute to differences among individuals such as eye color and life span.

Winter wonderland? Mountain hares feel more comfortable away from winter tourists Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:10 AM PST The mountain hare is rarely seen in the wild. It lives in the higher regions of the Alps and is famous for its beautiful white winter coat. Now, however, climate change and winter tourism are threatening the mountain hare's natural habitat. Researchers have confirmed for the first time that mountain hares suffer more stress in areas that are visited by large numbers of tourists than their conspecifics in quieter areas. Stressed hares expend more energy, and that can be life-threatening in the cold Alpine winter.

Origins of cattle farming in China uncovered Posted: 08 Nov 2013 06:10 AM PST Scientists have produced the first multi-disciplinary evidence for management of cattle populations in northern China, around the same time cattle domestication took place in the Near East, over 10,000 years ago.

Unique change in protein structure guides production of RNA from DNA Posted: 07 Nov 2013 12:48 PM PST One of biology's most fundamental processes is transcription. It is just one step of many required to build proteins -- and without it life would not exist. However, many aspects of transcription remain shrouded in mystery. But now, scientists are shedding light on key aspects of transcription, and in so doing are coming even closer to understanding the importance of this process in the growth and development of cells -- as well as what happens when this process goes awry.

Century-old question about 3-D structure of mitotic chromosomes answered Posted: 07 Nov 2013 11:25 AM PST Scientists have shown new evidence for a general principal of condensed, mitotic chromosome organization and structure that is highly adaptable and common to all cells. This new insight into how chromosomes are disassembled and reassembled during cell division will allow researchers to begin answering basic questions about epigenetic inheritance, as well as human disease such as chromosome disorders and cancer.

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