ScienceDaily: Top Environment News

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• Factor in naked mole rat's cells enhances protein integrity
• Surprising discovery: HIV hides in gut, evading eradication
• Hydrogen powers important nitrogen-transforming bacteria
• Reducing water scarcity possible by 2050
• Not all phytoplankton in the ocean need to take their vitamins
• Managing coasts under threat from climate change, sea-level rise
• New type of cell movement discovered
• HIV Lessons from the Mississippi Baby
• Sensory-tested, woman-initiated drug-delivery vehicle could limit spread of HIV, AIDS
• Charting the global invasion of crop pests

Factor in naked mole rat's cells enhances protein integrity Posted: 29 Aug 2014 02:54 PM PDT A factor in naked mole rat cells could be one of the secrets to how the rodent defies aging, researchers say. Naked mole rats, which burrow through underground tunnels in their native East Africa, are nearly hairless rodents. They live as long as 32 years. Naked mole rats maintain cancer-free good health and reproductive potential well into their third decade of life.

Surprising discovery: HIV hides in gut, evading eradication Posted: 29 Aug 2014 02:54 PM PDT Some surprising discoveries about the body's initial responses to HIV infection have been made by researchers. One of the biggest obstacles to complete viral eradication and immune recovery is the stable HIV reservoir in the gut. There is very little information about the early viral invasion and the establishment of the gut reservoir. "We want to understand what enables the virus to invade the gut, cause inflammation and kill the immune cells," said the study's lead author.

Hydrogen powers important nitrogen-transforming bacteria Posted: 29 Aug 2014 08:59 AM PDT Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria can use hydrogen as an alternative source of energy, an international team of researchers has found. The oxidation of hydrogen with oxygen enables their growth independent of nitrite and a lifestyle outside the nitrogen cycle.

Reducing water scarcity possible by 2050 Posted: 29 Aug 2014 08:57 AM PDT Water scarcity is not a problem just for the developing world. Increased water-recycling and improved irrigation techniques are among many strategies identified in North America as key to successfully reducing global water scarcity. But despite what some may see as an insurmountable problem, it is possible to turn the situation around and significantly reduce water scarcity in just over 35 years, according to researchers.

Not all phytoplankton in the ocean need to take their vitamins Posted: 29 Aug 2014 07:34 AM PDT Some species of marine phytoplankton, such as the prolific bloomer Emiliania huxleyi, which can grow so big it can be seen from space, can grow without consuming vitamin B1 (thiamine), researchers have discovered. Until now, many marine microbes with cells that have a nucleus -- eukaryotes -- were thought to depend on other organisms to produce thiamine. If this were the case, B1 would be a major factor in controlling the growth of algae such as E. huxleyi.

Managing coasts under threat from climate change, sea-level rise Posted: 29 Aug 2014 05:39 AM PDT Coastal regions under threat from climate change and sea-level rise need to tackle the more immediate threats of human-led and other non-climatic changes, according to a team of international scientists. The team of 27 scientists from five continents reviewed 24 years of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. They focused on climate change and sea-level rise impacts in the coastal zone, and examined ways of how to better manage and cope with climate change.

New type of cell movement discovered Posted: 28 Aug 2014 11:27 AM PDT Scientists have used an innovative technique to study how cells move in a three-dimensional matrix, similar to the structure of certain tissues, such as the skin. They discovered an entirely new type of cell movement whereby the nucleus helps propel cells through the matrix like a piston in an engine.

HIV Lessons from the Mississippi Baby Posted: 28 Aug 2014 11:26 AM PDT The news in July, 2014 that HIV had returned in a Mississippi toddler after a two-year treatment-free remission dashed the hopes of clinicians, HIV researchers and the public at large tantalized by the possibility of a cure. But a new commentary by two leading HIV experts argues that despite its disappointing outcome, the Mississippi case and two other recent HIV "rebounds" in adults, have yielded critical lessons about the virus' most perplexing — and maddening — feature: its ability to form cure-defying viral hideouts.

Sensory-tested, woman-initiated drug-delivery vehicle could limit spread of HIV, AIDS Posted: 28 Aug 2014 08:53 AM PDT A unique method for delivering compounds that could positively impact the global battle against HIV and AIDS may be possible, American researchers say. A semi-soft vaginal suppository made from the seaweed-derived food ingredient carrageenan and loaded with the antiviral drug Tenofovir provides a woman-initiated, drug-delivery vehicle that can protect against the spread of sexually transmitted infections during unprotected heterosexual intercourse, they report

Charting the global invasion of crop pests Posted: 27 Aug 2014 05:36 PM PDT Many of the world's most important crop-producing countries will be fully saturated with pests by the middle of the century if current trends continue, according to a new study. More than one-in-ten pest types can already be found in around half the countries that grow their host crops. If this spread advances at its current rate, scientists fear that a significant proportion of global crop-producing countries will be overwhelmed by pests within the next 30 years.

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