ScienceDaily: Living Well News

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• Dispatcher-assisted CPR increases survival among children
• Yoga can help keep expectant mothers stress free: First evidence found
• Light activity every day keeps disability at bay
• Surgeons, health care settings influence type of breast cancer surgery women undergo
• Coached extracurricular activities may help prevent pre-adolescent smoking, drinking
• Watch out: Children more prone to looking but not seeing
• Women leaders perceived as effective as male counterparts, study reports
• Want a young child to 'help' or 'be a helper'? Choice of words matters
• Babies recognize real-life objects from pictures as early as nine months, psychologists discover
• Simple tests of physical capability in midlife linked with survival
• You took the words right out of my brain: New research shows brain's predictive nature when listening to others
• Vitamin D may raise survival rates among cancer patients
• Electronic cigarettes may cause, worsen respiratory diseases, among youth
• Exercise more, eat less? There’s a lot more to it, says scholar
• Success breeds success, study confirms

Dispatcher-assisted CPR increases survival among children Posted: 30 Apr 2014 04:26 PM PDT Children who suffer cardiac arrest outside the hospital are more likely to survive with good brain function if emergency dispatchers give bystanders CPR instruction. CPR with chest compressions and breaths led to more favorable neurological outcomes in kids. Many causes may be responsible for a child's heartbeat and breathing to stop: choking, drowning, electrical shock, excessive bleeding, head trauma or serious injury, lung disease, poisoning and suffocation. Children under age 1 are at high risk of cardiac arrest from respiratory problems. Older children are at higher risk due to cardiac causes. In children under 10, risk may be due to respiratory failure or to trauma or external causes, researchers said.

Yoga can help keep expectant mothers stress free: First evidence found Posted: 30 Apr 2014 04:25 PM PDT The effects of yoga on pregnant women has been studied, with results showing that it can reduce the risk of anxiety and depression. Stress during pregnancy has been linked to premature birth, low birth weight and increased developmental and behavioral problems in the child as a toddler and adolescent, as well as later mental health problems in the mother. A high level of anxiety during pregnancy is linked with postnatal depression which in turn is associated with increased risk of developing depression later in life.

Light activity every day keeps disability at bay Posted: 30 Apr 2014 09:11 AM PDT Pushing a shopping cart or a vacuum doesn't take a lot of effort, but enough of this sort of light physical activity every day can help people with or at risk of knee arthritis avoid developing disabilities as they age, according to a new study. It is known that the more time people spend in moderate or vigorous activities, the less likely they are to develop disability, but this is the first study to show that spending more time in light activities can help prevent disability, too.

Surgeons, health care settings influence type of breast cancer surgery women undergo Posted: 30 Apr 2014 09:11 AM PDT Breast cancer is one of the few major illnesses for which physicians may not recommend a specific treatment option. North American women are more likely to opt for precautionary breast surgery when physicians don't specifically counsel against it, according to a new study. The research also demonstrates how clarity during consultations and the capability of clinical facilities also play important roles influencing a woman's breast cancer treatment choices.

Coached extracurricular activities may help prevent pre-adolescent smoking, drinking Posted: 30 Apr 2014 08:21 AM PDT While parents may think tweens (aged 10-14) need less adult supervision when they are not in school, researchers found that certain coached extracurricular activities can help prevent tween smoking and drinking. The study found that team sport participation with a coach was the only extracurricular activity associated with lower risk of trying smoking compared to none or minimal participation. Participating in other clubs was the only extracurricular activity associated with lower risk of trying drinking compared to none or minimal participation.

Watch out: Children more prone to looking but not seeing Posted: 30 Apr 2014 07:19 AM PDT Children looking at a loose thread on a jumper or an advert on the side of a bus might be 'blind' to oncoming traffic and other dangers when walking down the street. Researchers conclude that children under 14 are more likely than adults to be 'blinded' to their surroundings when focusing on simple things. It explains a somewhat frustrating experience familiar to many parents and carers: young children fail to notice their carer trying to get their attention because they have little capacity to spot things outside their area of focus.

Women leaders perceived as effective as male counterparts, study reports Posted: 30 Apr 2014 07:16 AM PDT When it comes to being perceived as effective leaders, women are rated as highly as men, and sometimes higher - a finding that speaks to society's changing gender roles and the need for a different management style in today's globalized workplace, according to a meta-analysis. While men tend to rate themselves as significantly more effective than women rate themselves, when ratings by others were examined, women came out ahead on perceptions of effectiveness, according to the study.

Want a young child to 'help' or 'be a helper'? Choice of words matters Posted: 30 Apr 2014 05:31 AM PDT A new study has found that parent word choice matters when encouraging preschool-age children to help others. Children were significantly more likely to help an experimenter when he or she referred to help using nouns ('some children choose to be helpers') than when he or she referred to help using verbs ('some children choose to help'). The study looked at about 150 3- to 6- year-olds from a variety of ethnic and racial backgrounds.

Babies recognize real-life objects from pictures as early as nine months, psychologists discover Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:57 PM PDT Babies begin to learn about the connection between pictures and real objects by the time they are nine-months-old, according to a new study. The research found that babies can learn about a toy from a photograph of it well before their first birthday.

Simple tests of physical capability in midlife linked with survival Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:48 PM PDT Low levels of physical capability (in particular weak grip strength, slow chair rise speed and poor standing balance performance) in midlife can indicate poorer chances of survival over the next 13 years, while greater time spent in light intensity physical activity each day is linked to a reduced risk of developing disability in adults with or at risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, suggest two papers.

You took the words right out of my brain: New research shows brain's predictive nature when listening to others Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:46 PM PDT Our brain activity is more similar to that of speakers we are listening to when we can predict what they are going to say, a team of neuroscientists has found. The study provides fresh evidence on the brain's role in communication.

Vitamin D may raise survival rates among cancer patients Posted: 29 Apr 2014 10:34 AM PDT Cancer patients who have higher levels of vitamin D when they are diagnosed tend to have better survival rates and remain in remission longer than patients who are vitamin D-deficient, according to a new study. The body naturally produces vitamin D after exposure to sunlight and absorbs it from certain foods. In addition to helping the body absorb the calcium and phosphorus needed for healthy bones, vitamin D affects a variety of biological processes by binding to a protein called a vitamin D receptor. This receptor is present in nearly every cell in the body.

Electronic cigarettes may cause, worsen respiratory diseases, among youth Posted: 29 Apr 2014 07:49 AM PDT Electronic cigarette "vapors" are made of small particles containing chemicals that may cause or worsen acute respiratory diseases, including asthma and bronchitis, among youth, according to a new study. Researchers examined particles emitted by e-cigarettes, an alternative nicotine delivery device, to understand what a user inhales and how these particles may affect the teen user's lungs. In a cellular model, the study found some e-cigarette emissions cause acute toxicity, or lung damage, similar to that caused by conventional tobacco smoke.

Exercise more, eat less? There’s a lot more to it, says scholar Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT "When someone says of an obese person, 'They should just eat less and exercise more,' I say if it were that simple, obesity wouldn't be the worldwide epidemic that it is," says author of a new article, who studies the genetics of obesity. "It's a complex problem because there are so many drivers." Those drivers are divided into four categories: social, environmental, behavioral and biological.

Success breeds success, study confirms Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT In a study that uses website-based experiments to uncover whether "success breeds success" is a reality, researchers found that early success bestowed on individuals produced significant increases in subsequent rates of success. The findings suggest that early success that is not based on merit may produce inequality in achievement among similarly qualified individuals. But the study also found that greater amounts of initial success failed to produce greater subsequent success.

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