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Friday, December 6, 2013

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News


How water dissolves stone, molecule by molecule

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 03:56 PM PST

Scientists have combined cutting-edge experimental techniques and computer simulations to find a new way of predicting how water dissolves crystalline structures like those found in natural stone and cement.

Discovery of partial skeleton suggests ruggedly built, tree-climbing human ancestor

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 03:56 PM PST

A human ancestor characterized by "robust" jaw and skull bones was a muscular creature and more adaptive to its environment than previously thought, scientists have discovered. Researchers found a partial skeleton dated to 1.34 million years (Paranthropus boisei) in north Tanzania. The bones suggest the creature was more ruggedly built than previously thought.

'Spinning trap' developed to measure electron roundness

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 02:17 PM PST

Researchers have developed a method of spinning electric and magnetic fields around trapped molecular ions to measure whether the ions' tiny electrons are truly round -- research with major implications for future scientific understanding of the universe.

New Jersey Shore likely faces unprecedented flooding by mid-century

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:22 AM PST

Geoscientists estimate that the New Jersey shore will likely experience a sea-level rise of about 1.5 feet by 2050 and of about 3.5 feet by 2100 -- 11 to 15 inches higher than the average for sea-level rise globally over the century.

You can't get entangled without a wormhole: Physicist finds entanglement instantly gives rise to a wormhole

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:22 AM PST

Quantum entanglement is one of the more bizarre theories to come out of the study of quantum mechanics -- so strange, in fact, that Albert Einstein famously referred to it as "spooky action at a distance."

Coffee or beer? The choice could affect your genome

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:21 AM PST

Coffee and beer are polar opposites in the beverage world -- coffee picks you up, and beer winds you down. Now researchers have discovered that the beverages may also have opposite effects on your genome. Working with a kind of yeast that shares many important genetic similarities with humans, the researchers found that caffeine shortens and alcohol lengthens telomeres -- the end points of chromosomal DNA, implicated in aging and cancer.

Probiotic therapy alleviates autism-like behaviors in mice

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:19 AM PST

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed when individuals exhibit characteristic behaviors, decreased social interactions, and impaired communication. Curiously, many with ASD also suffer from gastrointestinal issues, like abdominal cramps and constipation. Guided by this co-occurrence of brain and gut problems, researchers are investigating a bacterium that alleviates GI and behavioral symptoms in autistic-like mice, introducing a potentially transformative probiotic therapy for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

How mosquitoes are drawn to human skin and breath

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:18 AM PST

Scientists have found that the very receptors in the mosquito's maxillary palp that detect carbon dioxide are ones that detect skin odors as well, thus explaining why mosquitoes are attracted to skin odor -- smelly socks, worn clothes, bedding -- even in the absence of carbon dioxide. Using a chemical computational method they developed, the researchers identified affordable, safe and pleasant-smelling compounds that could find use in mosquito control.

Astronomers discover planet that shouldn't be there

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:16 AM PST

Astronomers have discovered the most distantly orbiting planet found to date around a single, sun-like star. Weighing in at 11 times Jupiter's mass and orbiting its star at 650 times the average Earth-Sun distance, planet HD 106906 b is unlike anything in our own Solar System and defies current planet formation theories.

Sharks prefer to sneak up from behind: Caribbean reef sharks can tell if a human is facing toward them

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:16 AM PST

"Never turn your back on a shark" is the message from a new article. Biologists contend that sharks can comprehend body orientation and therefore know whether humans are facing them or not. This ability helps sharks to approach and possibly attack their prey from the blind side -- a technique they prefer.

Deep-sea study reveals cause of 2011 tsunami: Unusually thin, slippery geological fault found

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 11:13 AM PST

The tsunami that struck Japan's Tohoku region in 2011 was touched off by a submarine earthquake far more massive than anything geologists had expected in that zone. Now, a team of scientists has shed light on what caused the dramatic displacement of the seafloor.

Mother lemon sharks 'home' to their birthplace to give birth

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 07:22 AM PST

Research conducted in Bimini in The Bahamas spanning almost two decades shows that female lemon sharks that were born there returned 15 years later to give birth to their own young, confirming this behavior for the first time in sharks. The study began in 1995, and has resulted in the capture, tagging, and release of more than 2,000 baby sharks.

Geoengineering approaches to reduce climate change unlikely to succeed

Posted: 05 Dec 2013 06:20 AM PST

Reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the planet's surface by geoengineering may not undo climate change after all. Researchers used a simple energy balance analysis to explain how the Earth's water cycle responds differently to heating by sunlight than it does to warming due to a stronger atmospheric greenhouse effect. Further, they show that this difference implies that reflecting sunlight to reduce temperatures may have unwanted effects on the Earth's rainfall patterns.

Estrogen: Not just produced by ovaries

Posted: 04 Dec 2013 03:14 PM PST

A research team reports today that the brain can produce and release estrogen — a discovery that may lead to a better understanding of hormonal changes observed from before birth throughout the entire aging process.

Stomach 'clock' tells us how much to eat

Posted: 04 Dec 2013 03:12 PM PST

Researchers have discovered the first evidence that the nerves in the stomach act as a circadian clock, limiting food intake to specific times of the day.

Structure of key pain-related protein unveiled

Posted: 04 Dec 2013 10:20 AM PST

In a technical tour de force, scientists have determined, at near-atomic resolution, the structure of a protein that plays a central role in the perception of pain and heat.

Ultrathin 'diagnostic skin' allows continuous patient monitoring

Posted: 04 Dec 2013 07:36 AM PST

A multidisciplinary research team has developed an ultrathin membrane that can stick to skin and carry arrays of diagnostic sensors and stimulatory components. The "electronic skin" allows remote patient monitoring and may someday be used to deliver treatments.

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