ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Antibodies to immune cells protect eyes in Pseudomonas infection
• Specific bacterial species may initiate, maintain Crohn’s
• Breakthrough technique images breast tumors in 3-D with great clarity, reduced radiation
• How highway bridges sing -- or groan -- in the rain to reveal their health: Just a drop of water can indicate the stability of a bridge
• Parenting and temperament in childhood predict later political ideology
• Additive restores antibiotic effectiveness against MRSA
• Climate variability and conflict risk in East Africa measured by researchers
• Exercise the body to keep the brain healthy, study suggests
• Technology brings new life to the study of diseases in old bones
• Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of ancient New Zealanders
• Discoveries hold promise for treatment of Hepatitis B virus
• Study of patients ages 90 and older links poor physical performance, increased odds of dementia
• Eating more legumes may improve glycemic control, lower estimated heart disease risk
• Nearly half of U.S. adults with high blood pressure have it under control
• Aggressive brain tumors can originate from a range of nervous system cells
• Probiotics are secret weapon for fighting symptoms of the common cold in college students, study suggests
• Increased risk of suicidal thoughts among adolescents appears related to recent victimization
• Exercise may trump mental activity in protecting against brain shrinkage
• New self-healing coating for aluminum developed to replace cancer-causing product
• Milky Way's black hole getting ready for snack
• Fuller picture of human expansion from Africa
• Exercise and complete decongestive therapy best ways to manage lymphedema, expert says
• TV, devices in kids' bedrooms linked to poor sleep, obesity
• Can your body sense future events without any external clue?
• Evolution of new genes captured
• State-of-the-art beams from table-top accelerators
• Scattered X-rays reveal diseased tissue
• American Academy of Pediatrics weighs in for first time on organic foods for children
• Rapid changes in the Earth's core: The magnetic field and gravity from a satellite perspective
• Changes in sleep architecture increase hunger, eating
• Clue to cause of Alzheimer's dementia found in brain samples
• Better way to shed water: Lubricated, nanotextured surfaces boost performance of condensers in power and desalination plants
• Split-personality elliptical galaxy holds a hidden spiral
• Beetles use dung balls to stay cool
• A whale with a distinctly human-like voice
• Healthy behaviors in midlife significantly increase odds of successful aging
• Mortality rates significantly higher if both mother and newborn admitted to ICU
• Greater parental stress linked to children's obesity, fast food use, reduced activity
• Breast cancer cells enticed to spread by 'tumorous environment' as well as genetic changes
• Fewer patient deaths after surgery in hospitals known for good nursing care
• New glow for electron microscopy: Protein-labeling technique allows high-resolution visualization of molecules inside cells
• Protein discovery may lead to new treatment to prevent smoking relapse
• Kittens: Their microbiomes are what they eat
• Immune cells make flexible choices
• Stem cell bodyguards: Rare immune cells keep blood stem cells youthful
• 3-D structure of an unmodified G protein-coupled receptor in its natural habitat
• How bacteria living in toxic environments identify and expel arsenic
• Immune cells of the blood might replace dysfunctional brain cells
• Rainbow trout: Survival of the shyest?
• One-third of parents concerned about losing jobs, pay when they stay home with sick kids
• Water could flow on Mars, model suggests; Scientists look at melting and evaporation of frozen brines
• 'Blue' light could help teenagers combat stress
• Combined pesticide exposure affects bumblebee colony success
• New Understanding of Antarctica's 'weight loss': Sea level is rising with little apparent contribution from Antarctica
• New test may uncover deadly hypertension disease in pregnancy
• Gastric bypass surgery just as effective in teenagers as in adults, study suggests
• Link found between Alzheimer's disease and protein regulation in the brain -- hope for new treatments
• Statins may reduce risk of esophageal cancer
• Changing epidemiology of clostridium difficile
• Marijuana use may cause severe cyclic nausea, vomiting, a little-known, but costly effect

Antibodies to immune cells protect eyes in Pseudomonas infection Posted: 22 Oct 2012 04:44 PM PDT Contact lenses, particularly the extended wear variety, render wearers vulnerable to eye infections from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These infections can cause severe damage, including blindness. Treating the eye with antibodies to the inflammatory immune compound interleukin-17 (IL-17) reduced eye damage and the number of bacteria in a mouse model.

Specific bacterial species may initiate, maintain Crohn’s Posted: 22 Oct 2012 04:42 PM PDT Patients newly diagnosed with pediatric Crohn's disease had significantly different levels of certain types of bacteria in their intestinal tracts than age-matched controls, according to new research. The work may ultimately lead to treatment involving manipulation of the intestinal bacteria.

Breakthrough technique images breast tumors in 3-D with great clarity, reduced radiation Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:27 PM PDT Scientists are able to use a new technique to produce three-dimensional images of breast tissue that are two-to-three times sharper than current hospital CT scanners, and with a lower dose of X-ray radiation than from a mammogram. With higher quality images, breast tumors may be detected earlier and with much greater accuracy for the nearly one in eight women diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime in the United States.

How highway bridges sing -- or groan -- in the rain to reveal their health: Just a drop of water can indicate the stability of a bridge Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:27 PM PDT Engineers have found that by listening to how a highway bridge sings in the rain they can determine serious flaws in the structure. Employing a method called impact-echo testing, experts can diagnose the health of a bridge's deck based on the acoustic footprint produced by a little bit of water. Specifically, the sound created when a droplet makes impact can reveal hidden dangers in the bridge.

Parenting and temperament in childhood predict later political ideology Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:26 PM PDT Political mindsets are the product of an individual's upbringing, life experiences, and environment. But are there specific experiences that lead a person to choose one political ideology over another? New research suggests that parenting practices and childhood temperament may play an influential role in shaping political ideology later in life.

Additive restores antibiotic effectiveness against MRSA Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:26 PM PDT Researchers have increased the potency of a compound that reactivates antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, an antibiotic-resistant form of Staphylococcus that is notoriously difficult to treat. Their improved compound removes the bacteria's antibiotic resistance and allows the antibiotic to once again become effective at normal dosage levels.

Climate variability and conflict risk in East Africa measured by researchers Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:26 PM PDT While a new study shows the risk of human conflict in East Africa increases somewhat with hotter temperatures and drops a bit with higher precipitation, it concludes that socioeconomic, political and geographic factors play a much more substantial role than climate change.

Exercise the body to keep the brain healthy, study suggests Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:26 PM PDT People who exercise later in life may better protect their brain from age-related changes than those who do not, a study suggests.

Technology brings new life to the study of diseases in old bones Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:25 PM PDT A new study has demonstrated that new technology that can analyze millions of gene sequences in a matter of seconds is an effective way to quickly and accurately identify diseases in skeletons.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of ancient New Zealanders Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:25 PM PDT Scientists have sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes for members of what was likely to be one of the first groups of Polynesians to settle New Zealand and have revealed a surprising degree of genetic variation among these pioneering voyagers.

Discoveries hold promise for treatment of Hepatitis B virus Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:25 PM PDT A research team has discovered two prime targets of the Hepatitis B virus in liver cells, findings that could lead to treatment of liver disease in some of the 400 million people worldwide currently infected with the virus.

Study of patients ages 90 and older links poor physical performance, increased odds of dementia Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:25 PM PDT Poor physical performance on activities including walking was associated with increased odds of dementia in a study of individuals 90 years and older.

Eating more legumes may improve glycemic control, lower estimated heart disease risk Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:25 PM PDT Eating more legumes (such as beans, chickpeas or lentils) as part of a low-glycemic index diet appears to improve glycemic control and reduce estimated coronary heart disease risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nearly half of U.S. adults with high blood pressure have it under control Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:25 PM PDT Nearly half of US adults with high blood pressure reported theirs was under control by 2010. The increase in blood pressure control may be due to more use of multiple drug combinations. Older people, blacks and people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease have higher rates of high blood pressure and Mexican-Americans are least likely to take blood pressure medications.

Aggressive brain tumors can originate from a range of nervous system cells Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:23 PM PDT Scientists have long believed that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, begins in glial cells that make up supportive tissue in the brain or in neural stem cells. However, researchers have now found that the tumors can originate from other types of differentiated cells in the nervous system, including cortical neurons.

Probiotics are secret weapon for fighting symptoms of the common cold in college students, study suggests Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:23 PM PDT Probiotic supplementation can reduce the severity and duration of colds and upper-respiratory infections in college students, researchers have found.

Increased risk of suicidal thoughts among adolescents appears related to recent victimization Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:23 PM PDT An increased risk of suicidal ideation -- thoughts of harming or killing oneself -- in adolescents appears to be associated with recent victimization, such as by peers, sexual assault, and maltreatment, according to new research.

Exercise may trump mental activity in protecting against brain shrinkage Posted: 22 Oct 2012 01:23 PM PDT Exercising regularly in old age may better protect against brain shrinkage than engaging in mental or social activities, according to a new study. Research suggests that brain shrinkage may lead to problems with memory and thinking.

New self-healing coating for aluminum developed to replace cancer-causing product Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:54 AM PDT Engineers have developed a new environmentally-friendly coating for aluminum to replace the carcinogenic chromate coatings used in aerospace applications. The chromate conversion coatings have been used for more than 50 years to protect aluminum from corrosion.

Milky Way's black hole getting ready for snack Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:54 AM PDT Get ready for a fascinating eating experience in the center of our galaxy. The event involves a black hole that may devour much of an approaching cloud of dust and gas known as G2. A supercomputer simulation prepared by physicists suggests that some of G2 will survive, although its surviving mass will be torn apart, leaving it with a different shape and questionable fate.

Fuller picture of human expansion from Africa Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:54 AM PDT A comprehensive analysis of the anthropological and genetic history of humans' expansion out of Africa could lead to medical advances.

Exercise and complete decongestive therapy best ways to manage lymphedema, expert says Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:54 AM PDT Many breast cancer survivors suffer from lymphedema, a chronic condition that causes body limbs to swell from fluid buildup, as a result of lymph node removal and radiation therapy. A cure for lymphedema does not exist, so individuals with the condition must find ways to manage the symptoms throughout their lifetimes. Now, a lymphedema expert has found that full-body exercise and complete decongestive therapy are the best ways for patients to minimize their symptoms and maintain their quality of life.

TV, devices in kids' bedrooms linked to poor sleep, obesity Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:53 AM PDT Electronic devices in kids' bedrooms at night can lead to sleeplessness and can raise their risk of obesity, according to new research.

Can your body sense future events without any external clue? Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:53 AM PDT Wouldn't it be amazing if our bodies prepared us for future events that could be very important to us, even if there's no clue about what those events will be? "Presentiment," as in "sensing the future," without any external clues may exist, according to new research that analyzes the results of 26 studies published between 1978 and 2010.

Evolution of new genes captured Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:53 AM PDT Like job-seekers searching for a new position, living things sometimes have to pick up a new skill if they are going to succeed. Researchers have shown for the first time how living organisms do this.

State-of-the-art beams from table-top accelerators Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:53 AM PDT "Table-top accelerators" – laser plasma accelerators (LPAs) that propel electron pulses to high energies within a few centimeters – promise far less expensive future accelerators with far less environmental impact than today's conventional machines. Scientists have devised novel methods to test the quality of uniquely challenging LPA beams.

Scattered X-rays reveal diseased tissue Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:53 AM PDT Severe lung diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. To date they have been difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Scientists have now developed an X-ray technology to do just that. Now they are working on bringing the procedure into medical practice.

American Academy of Pediatrics weighs in for first time on organic foods for children Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:53 AM PDT To offer guidance to parents -- and the pediatricians caring for their children's health -- the American Academy of Pediatrics has conducted an extensive analysis of scientific evidence surrounding organic produce, dairy products and meat.

Rapid changes in the Earth's core: The magnetic field and gravity from a satellite perspective Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:52 AM PDT Annual to decadal changes in Earth's magnetic field in a region that stretches from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean have a close relationship with variations of gravity in this area. From this it can be concluded that outer core processes are reflected in gravity data.

Changes in sleep architecture increase hunger, eating Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:51 AM PDT A new study offers possible explanation for the association between sleep problems and obesity.

Clue to cause of Alzheimer's dementia found in brain samples Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:51 AM PDT Researchers have found a key difference in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and those who are cognitively normal but still have brain plaques that characterize this type of dementia.

Better way to shed water: Lubricated, nanotextured surfaces boost performance of condensers in power and desalination plants Posted: 22 Oct 2012 11:22 AM PDT Condensers are a crucial part of today's power generation systems: About 80 percent of all the world's powerplants use them to turn steam back to water after it comes out of the turbines that turn generators. They are also a key element in desalination plants, a fast-growing contributor to the world's supply of fresh water. Now, a new surface architecture holds the promise of significantly boosting the performance of such condensers.

Split-personality elliptical galaxy holds a hidden spiral Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:22 AM PDT Most big galaxies fit into one of two camps: pinwheel-shaped spiral galaxies and blobby elliptical galaxies. Spirals like the Milky Way are hip and happening places, with plenty of gas and dust to birth new stars. Ellipticals are like cosmic retirement villages, full of aging residents in the form of red giant stars. Now, astronomers have discovered that one well-known elliptical has a split personality. Centaurus A is hiding a gassy spiral in its center.

Beetles use dung balls to stay cool Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:20 AM PDT Dung beetles roll their feasts of dung away to avoid the hoards of other hungry competitors at the dung pile. But now a team of researchers from South Africa and Sweden have discovered that they also use their balls in another, rather clever way. The moist balls keep the beetles cool even as they push a weight up to 50 times heavier than their own bodies across the hot sand.

A whale with a distinctly human-like voice Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:20 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have been able to show by acoustic analysis that whales -- or at least one very special white whale -- can imitate the voices of humans. That's a surprise, because whales typically produce sounds in a manner that is wholly different from humans.

Healthy behaviors in midlife significantly increase odds of successful aging Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:20 AM PDT Engaging in a combination of healthy behaviors, such as not smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, exercise, and eating fruits and vegetables daily makes it significantly more likely people will stay healthy as they age.

Mortality rates significantly higher if both mother and newborn admitted to ICU Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:20 AM PDT When mothers and newborns are both admitted to intensive care units they are significantly more likely to die than when neither is admitted to an ICU, new research has found.

Greater parental stress linked to children's obesity, fast food use, reduced activity Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:17 AM PDT Parents with a higher number of stressors in their lives are more likely to have obese children, according to a new study. Children also ate fast food more often if their parents perceived themselves as stressed.

Breast cancer cells enticed to spread by 'tumorous environment' as well as genetic changes Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:17 AM PDT A new study suggests that the lethal spread of breast cancer is as dependent on a tumor's protein-rich environment as on genetic changes inside tumor cells.

Fewer patient deaths after surgery in hospitals known for good nursing care Posted: 22 Oct 2012 09:17 AM PDT Patients treated in magnet hospitals (specially designated for their nursing excellence) had 14 percent lower odds of death than patients in non-magnet hospitals, according to a new study with nearly 100,000 U.S. nurses.

New glow for electron microscopy: Protein-labeling technique allows high-resolution visualization of molecules inside cells Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT The glowing green molecule known as green fluorescent protein (GFP) has revolutionized molecular biology. When GFP is attached to a particular protein inside a cell, scientists can easily identify and locate it using fluorescence microscopy. However, GFP can't be used with electron microscopy, which offers much higher resolution than fluorescence microscopy. Chemists have now designed a GFP equivalent for electron microscopy -- a tag that allows scientists to label and visualize proteins with unprecedented clarity.

Protein discovery may lead to new treatment to prevent smoking relapse Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT Scientists have identified a potential new approach to preventing smoking relapse, which occurs frequently in smokers who attempt to quit, despite current treatments.

Kittens: Their microbiomes are what they eat Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT For animals as well as people, diet affects what grows in the gut. The gut microbial colonies, also known as the gut microbiome, begin to form at birth. Their composition affects how the immune system develops and is linked to the later onset of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Common wisdom is that cats, by nature carnivorous, are healthiest when fed high-protein diets. Researchers wanted to find out if this is true.

Immune cells make flexible choices Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT Scientists reveal how, out of quadrillions of possible T lymphocyte receptors, the genetic balance is tilted toward those for common pathogens.

Stem cell bodyguards: Rare immune cells keep blood stem cells youthful Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT Scientists have discovered rare immune cells that keep blood stem cells in a youthful state; these may lead to better cancer treatments.

3-D structure of an unmodified G protein-coupled receptor in its natural habitat Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT Scientists have determined the three-dimensional structure of a complete, unmodified G-protein-coupled receptor in its native environment: embedded in a membrane in physiological conditions.

How bacteria living in toxic environments identify and expel arsenic Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:36 AM PDT Scientists reveal how bacteria living in arsenic-rich environments identify and expel the poison.

Immune cells of the blood might replace dysfunctional brain cells Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:34 AM PDT Blood-circulating immune cells can take over the essential immune surveillance of the brain. A new study might indicate new ways of dealing with diseases of the nervous system.

Rainbow trout: Survival of the shyest? Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:29 AM PDT A fish's personality can influence how it responds to, and learns from threats, according to a new study. The work, looking at how personality influences a fish's memory of a predator threat, shows that bold trout forget predator odor, and hence potentially predator threat, quicker than shy trout.

One-third of parents concerned about losing jobs, pay when they stay home with sick kids Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:28 AM PDT In a new poll, one-third of parents of young children report they are concerned about losing jobs or pay when they stay home to care for sick children who can't attend child care.

Water could flow on Mars, model suggests; Scientists look at melting and evaporation of frozen brines Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:28 AM PDT Researchers have created a model that might explain how water could produce the flow patterns seen by a spacecraft orbiting Mars.

'Blue' light could help teenagers combat stress Posted: 22 Oct 2012 08:28 AM PDT A new study shows that exposure to morning short-wavelength "blue" light has the potential to help sleep-deprived adolescents prepare for the challenges of the day and deal with stress, more so than dim light.

Combined pesticide exposure affects bumblebee colony success Posted: 22 Oct 2012 06:31 AM PDT Individual worker behavior and colony success are both affected when bees are exposed to a combination of pesticides, according to new research.

New Understanding of Antarctica's 'weight loss': Sea level is rising with little apparent contribution from Antarctica Posted: 22 Oct 2012 06:31 AM PDT Scientists have found that the present sea level rise is happening with apparently very little contribution from Antarctica as a whole. The large amount of water flowing away from West Antarctica through ice-melt has been partly cancelled out by the volume of water falling onto the continent in the form of snow, suggesting some past studies have overestimated Antarctica's contribution to fast-rising sea levels.

New test may uncover deadly hypertension disease in pregnancy Posted: 22 Oct 2012 06:31 AM PDT Researchers have identified biomarkers that may yield a new diagnostic test for pre-eclampsia, a potentially life-threatening disease affecting five percent of pregnant women worldwide.

Gastric bypass surgery just as effective in teenagers as in adults, study suggests Posted: 22 Oct 2012 06:29 AM PDT Teenagers with severe obesity can benefit from gastric bypass surgery just as much as adults, research suggests. A new study found that 81 teenagers lost an average of 96.8 pounds following surgery, significantly improving their health and quality of life.

Link found between Alzheimer's disease and protein regulation in the brain -- hope for new treatments Posted: 22 Oct 2012 06:28 AM PDT A link has been discovered between Alzheimer's disease and the activity level of protein eIF2alpha. One of the researchers said, "Altering the performance of this protein via drug via drug therapy could constitute a treatment for Alzheimer's."

Statins may reduce risk of esophageal cancer Posted: 22 Oct 2012 05:14 AM PDT Statins, a cholesterol lowering drug may lower the risk of esophageal cancer, especially in patients with Barrett's esophagus, researchers report.

Changing epidemiology of clostridium difficile Posted: 22 Oct 2012 05:13 AM PDT A stay in the hospital may not be the only way to acquire Clostridium difficile diarrhea – but the potentially life-threatening infection may be associated with a number of health complications in hospitalized children, according to the findings from two new studies. In a separate case report, fecal microbiota transplantation in a 20-month old with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) suggests the therapeutic potential fecal bacteriotherapy in pediatric patients who fail standard therapy for CDI.

Marijuana use may cause severe cyclic nausea, vomiting, a little-known, but costly effect Posted: 22 Oct 2012 05:13 AM PDT Marijuana use —- both natural and synthetic —- may cause cannabinoid hyperemesis (CH) a little-known but costly effect that researchers suggest is a serious burden to the health care system as it often leads to expensive diagnostic tests and ineffective treatments in an effort to find the cause of a patient's symptoms and provide relief, according to two separate case reports. Cannabinoid hyperemesis is characterized by a history of chronic cannabis use followed by a cyclic pattern of nausea, vomiting and colicky abdominal pain. Interestingly, compulsive hot baths or showers temporarily relieve symptoms, another characteristic which aids clinicians in diagnosis.

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