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Saturday, December 15, 2012

ScienceDaily: Top Environment News

ScienceDaily: Top Environment News


Bird beaks show why 'sister' species don't live together

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 06:50 PM PST

A study of closely-related bird species has found that they do not coexist in the same region because they remain too ecologically similar and will out-compete each other, not because of geographical barriers or unsuitable habitats.

Scientists 'surprised' to discover very early ancestors survived on tropical plants, new study suggests

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 05:09 PM PST

Between three million and 3.5 million years ago, the diet of our very early ancestors in central Africa is likely to have consisted mainly of tropical grasses and sedges, new research suggests.

Flesh-eating fungus responsible for five deaths in wake of massive tornado

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 04:09 PM PST

A fast growing, flesh-eating fungus killed five people following a massive tornado that devastated Joplin, Mo., according to two new studies.

'House hunters walrus': Novel camera system to map Arctic sea ice surface topography

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 09:40 AM PST

Scientists have developed a novel camera system to map the surface topography of Arctic sea ice to assess walrus habitat.

What mechanism generates our fingers and toes? Genetic studies confirm a mathematical model

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 08:26 AM PST

Researchers have identified the mechanism responsible for generating our fingers and toes, and revealed the importance of gene regulation in the transition of fins to limbs during evolution.

Biosynthetic process that makes all metabolism possible elucidated

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 08:26 AM PST

At crucial points in the metabolism of all organisms, a protein with the unwieldy name of Translation Elongation Factor P (EF-P, for short) takes center stage. What it actually does during protein synthesis has only now been elucidated.

If you cut down a tree in the forest, can wildlife hear it?

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 08:26 AM PST

A new tool is being used by scientists and land managers to model how noise travels through landscapes and affects species and ecosystems -— a major factor in land and wildlife management decisions such as where to locate new roads or recreational trails.

Male bushcrickets are in charge when it comes to sex

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 06:10 AM PST

All a question of timing: When bushcrickets mate, the male attaches a sticky package, the so-called spermatophore, to the female's abdomen. Alongside the sperm themselves, this 'bridal present' consists of a protein-rich mass that the female eats after mating. It then takes several hours for the sperm to find their way into the female's reproductive tract. But, who decides when that will happen? A new study suggests that it is the male who determines the dynamics of this process even when he has long 'hopped off' somewhere else.

Fertile soil doesn't fall from the sky: Contribution of bacterial remnants to soil fertility has been underestimated until now

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 06:10 AM PST

Remains of dead bacteria have far greater meaning for soils than previously assumed. Around 40 per cent of the microbial biomass is converted to organic soil components, researchers report. Until now, it was assumed that the organic components of the soil were composed mostly of decomposed plant material which is directly converted to humic substances. In a laboratory experiment and in field testing, the researchers have now refuted this thesis. Evidently the easily biologically degradable plant material is initially converted to microbial biomass which then provides the source material to soil organic matter.

What's in a genome? Whole-genome sequence of the fruit fly Drosophila mauritiana

Posted: 14 Dec 2012 05:58 AM PST

Researchers have just published the first whole-genome sequence of the fruit fly Drosophila mauritiana, revealing intriguing details about the evolution of the species.

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