ScienceDaily: Top Science News

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• Mars rock touched by NASA Curiosity has surprises
• Animals' microbial communities linked to their behavior
• Engineered flies spill secret of seizures
• Developmental biologist proposes new theory of early animal evolution that challenges basic assumption of evolution
• Surprising solution to fly eye mystery
• Meteorite delivers Martian secrets
• Researchers ID unique geological 'sombrero' uplift in South America
• Quantum effects observed in cold chemistry
• Bouncing on Saturn's moon Titan
• Prospective Alzheimer's drug builds new brain cell connections, improves cognitive function of rats
• Nearby super-Earth likely a diamond planet

Mars rock touched by NASA Curiosity has surprises Posted: 11 Oct 2012 09:48 PM PDT The first Martian rock NASA's Curiosity rover has reached out to touch presents a more varied composition than expected from previous missions. The rock also resembles some unusual rocks from Earth's interior. The rover team used two instruments on Curiosity to study the chemical makeup of the football-size rock called "Jake Matijevic." The results support some surprising recent measurements and provide an example of why identifying rocks' composition is such a major emphasis of the mission. Rock compositions tell stories about unseen environments and planetary processes.

Animals' microbial communities linked to their behavior Posted: 11 Oct 2012 01:21 PM PDT New research is revealing surprising connections between animal microbiomes -- the communities of microbes that live inside animals' bodies -- and animal behavior. A new article reviews recent developments in this emerging research area and offers questions for future investigation.

Engineered flies spill secret of seizures Posted: 11 Oct 2012 12:16 PM PDT Scientists have observed the neurological mechanism behind temperature-dependent -- febrile -- seizures by genetically engineering fruit flies to harbor a mutation analogous to one that causes epileptic seizures in people. In addition to contributing the insight on epilepsy, their new study also highlights the first use of genetic engineering to swap a human genetic disease mutation into a directly analogous gene in a fly.

Developmental biologist proposes new theory of early animal evolution that challenges basic assumption of evolution Posted: 11 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT A developmental biologist whose life's work has supported the theory of evolution has developed a concept that dramatically alters one of its basic assumptions -- that survival is based on a change's functional advantage if it is to persist.

Surprising solution to fly eye mystery Posted: 11 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT Fly eyes have the fastest visual responses in the animal kingdom, but how they achieve this has long been an enigma. A new study shows that their rapid vision may be a result of their photoreceptors -- specialized cells found in the retina -- physically contracting in response to light.

Meteorite delivers Martian secrets Posted: 11 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT A meteorite that landed in the Moroccan desert 14 months ago is providing more information about Mars, the planet where it originated.

Researchers ID unique geological 'sombrero' uplift in South America Posted: 11 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT Scientists have identified a geological oddity in the central Andes region, home to the largest active magma body in Earth's continental crust. They found that magma is forming a big blob in the middle of the crust, pushing up Earth's surface across an area 100 kilometers wide, while the surrounding area sinks, leading to a unique geological phenomenon the researchers have described as the "sombrero uplift."

Quantum effects observed in cold chemistry Posted: 11 Oct 2012 11:08 AM PDT Physicists have combined two low-temperature supersonic beams to produce chemical reactions in quantum conditions, near absolute zero. The method, a first, confirms longstanding theories.

Bouncing on Saturn's moon Titan Posted: 11 Oct 2012 09:37 AM PDT ESA's Huygens probe bounced, slid and wobbled its way to rest in the 10 seconds after touching down on Saturn's moon, Titan, in January 2005, a new analysis reveals. The findings provide novel insight into the nature of the moon's surface.

Prospective Alzheimer's drug builds new brain cell connections, improves cognitive function of rats Posted: 11 Oct 2012 06:06 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new drug candidate that dramatically improves the cognitive function of rats with Alzheimer's-like mental impairment. Their compound, which is intended to repair brain damage that has already occurred, is a significant departure from current Alzheimer's treatments, which either slow the process of cell death or inhibit cholinesterase, an enzyme believed to break down a key neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory development.

Nearby super-Earth likely a diamond planet Posted: 11 Oct 2012 06:06 AM PDT New research suggests that a rocky planet twice Earth's size orbiting a nearby star is a diamond planet. The planet -- called 55 Cancri e -- has a radius twice Earth's, and a mass eight times greater, making it a "super-Earth." It is one of five planets orbiting a sun-like star, 55 Cancri, that is located 40 light years from Earth yet visible to the naked eye in the constellation of Cancer. The planet orbits at hyper speed -- its year lasts just 18 hours, in contrast to Earth's 365 days. It is also blazingly hot, with a temperature of about 3,900 degrees Fahrenheit, researchers said, a far cry from a habitable world.

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