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Friday, December 16, 2011

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News


Discovery of a 'dark state' could mean a brighter future for solar energy

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 11:16 AM PST

The efficiency of conventional solar cells could be significantly increased, according to new research on the mechanisms of solar energy conversion.

Close family ties keep cheaters in check: Why almost all multicellular organisms begin life as a single cell

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 11:16 AM PST

Any multicellular animal poses a special difficulty for the theory of evolution. Most of its cells will die without reproducing, and only a privileged few will pass their genes. Given the incentive for cheating, how is cooperation among the cells enforced? Evolutionary biologists suggest the answer is frequent population bottlenecks that restart populations from a single cell.

Biofuel research boosted by discovery of how cyanobacteria make energy

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 11:16 AM PST

Research expected to help scientists to discover new ways of genetically engineering bacteria to manufacture biofuels overturns a generally accepted 44-year-old assumption about how certain kinds of bacteria make energy and synthesize cell materials. With this better understanding of how cyanobacteria make energy, it might be possible to genetically engineer a cyanobacterial strain to synthesize 1,3-butanediol -- an organic compound that is the precursor for making not only biofuels but also plastics.

Scientists find microbes in lava tube living in conditions like those on Mars

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 10:59 AM PST

A team of scientists from Oregon has collected microbes from ice within a lava tube in the Cascade Mountains and found that they thrive in cold, Mars-like conditions. They have characteristics that would make the microbes capable of living in the subsurface of Mars and other planetary bodies.

Young star rebels against its parent cloud

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 06:52 AM PST

Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 has captured this image of a giant cloud of hydrogen gas illuminated by a bright young star. The image shows how violent the end stages of the star-formation process can be, with the young object shaking up its stellar nursery.

First low-mass star detected in globular cluster

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 06:48 AM PST

Even the most powerful high-tech telescopes are barely able to record remote low-mass and thus faint stars. Astrophysicists have now detected a low-mass star in globular cluster M22 for the first time through microlensing. The result indicates that the overall mass of globular clusters might well be explained without enigmatic dark matter.

A galaxy blooming with new stars

Posted: 15 Dec 2011 06:48 AM PST

The VLT Survey Telescope (VST) has captured the beauty of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 253. The new portrait is probably the most detailed wide-field view of this object and its surroundings ever taken.

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