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Wednesday, February 12, 2014

ScienceDaily: Most Popular News

ScienceDaily: Most Popular News


Giant mass extinction quicker than previously thought: End-Permian extinction happened in 60,000 years

Posted: 10 Feb 2014 01:13 PM PST

The largest mass extinction in the history of animal life occurred some 252 million years ago, wiping out more than 96 percent of marine species and 70 percent of life on land -- including the largest insects known to have inhabited Earth. Multiple theories have aimed to explain the cause of what's now known as the end-Permian extinction, including an asteroid impact, massive volcanic eruptions, or a cataclysmic cascade of environmental events. But pinpointing the cause of the extinction requires better measurements of how long the extinction period lasted. The end-Permian extinction happened in 60,000 years -- much faster than earlier estimates, according to new research.

Massive neutrinos solve a cosmological conundrum

Posted: 10 Feb 2014 07:19 AM PST

Scientists have solved a major problem with the current standard model of cosmology identified by combining results from the Planck spacecraft and measurements of gravitational lensing in order to deduce the mass of ghostly sub-atomic particles called neutrinos.

Looking back to the cradle of our universe: Astronomers spot what may be one of most distant galaxies known

Posted: 09 Feb 2014 02:31 PM PST

NASA's Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescopes have spotted what might be one of the most distant galaxies known, harkening back to a time when our universe was only about 650 million years old (our universe is 13.8 billion years old). The galaxy, known as Abell2744 Y1, is about 30 times smaller than our Milky Way galaxy and is producing about 10 times more stars, as is typical for galaxies in our young universe.

Pacific trade winds stall global surface warming ... for now

Posted: 09 Feb 2014 12:24 PM PST

Heat stored in the western Pacific Ocean caused by an unprecedented strengthening of the equatorial trade winds appears to be largely responsible for the hiatus in surface warming observed over the past 13 years. The strongest trade winds have driven more of the heat from global warming into the oceans; but when those winds slow, that heat will rapidly return to the atmosphere causing an abrupt rise in global average temperatures, scientists say.

Social or stinky? New study reveals how animal defenses evolve

Posted: 07 Feb 2014 12:13 PM PST

Some animals are "eww" while others are "aww." Why do some animals use stinking secretions for defense, while others are social? In a new study, researchers found that noxious spraying was favored by animals that were nocturnal and mostly at risk from other animals, while sociality was favored by animals that were active during the day and potentially vulnerable to birds of prey.

Protein to repair damaged brain tissue in MS identified

Posted: 07 Feb 2014 08:41 AM PST

Researchers have found a "potentially novel therapeutic target" to reduce the rate of deterioration and to promote growth of brain cells damaged by multiple sclerosis. Current therapies can be effective in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis but have little impact in promoting tissue growth.

Click chemistry could provide total chemical DNA synthesis, study shows

Posted: 07 Feb 2014 05:38 AM PST

An interdisciplinary study has shown for the first time that 'click chemistry' can be used to assemble DNA that is functional in human cells, which paves the way for a purely chemical method for gene synthesis. Human cells can still read through strands of DNA correctly despite being stitched together using a linker not found in nature.

New stem cell research removes reliance on human and animal cells

Posted: 05 Feb 2014 06:04 PM PST

A new study has found a new method for growing human embryonic stem cells, that doesn't rely on supporting human or animal cells.

False memories: The hidden side of our good memory

Posted: 05 Feb 2014 05:00 AM PST

Justice blindly trusts human memory. Every year throughout the world hundreds of thousands of court cases are heard based solely on the testimony of somebody who swears that they are reproducing exactly an event that they witnessed in a (more or less) not too distant past. Nevertheless, various recent studies in cognitive neuroscience indicate both the strengths and weaknesses in this ability of recall of the human brain.

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