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Tuesday, April 3, 2012

ScienceDaily: Top Environment News

ScienceDaily: Top Environment News


Sparrows change their tune to be heard in noisy cities

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 01:27 PM PDT

Sparrows have changed their tune to soar above the increasing cacophony of car horns and engine rumbles. The study compares birdsongs from as far back as 1969 to today. The researchers also detail how San Francisco's streets have grown noisier based on studies from 1974 and 2008.

New light shed on catalytic reactions used by plants to split oxygen from water

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 01:27 PM PDT

Green plants produce oxygen from water using a catalytic technique powered by sunlight. Scientists have now shown the importance of a hydrogen-bonding water network to that process -- which is the major source of the Earth's oxygen.

Sampling the Pacific for signs of Fukushima

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 01:27 PM PDT

A recent research cruise has reported on the amount, spread, and impacts of radiation released into the ocean from the tsunami-crippled reactors in Fukushima, Japan. They studied ocean currents, and sampled water and marine organisms up to the edge of the exclusion zone around the reactors.

Evidence that human ancestors used fire one million years ago

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 01:25 PM PDT

Scientists have identified the earliest known evidence of the use of fire by human ancestors. Microscopic traces of wood ash, alongside animal bones and stone tools, were found in a layer dated to one million years ago at the Wonderwerk Cave in South Africa.

Herbicide can induce morphological changes in vertebrate animals: Tadpoles change shape

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 11:49 AM PDT

The world's most popular weed killer, Roundup®, can cause amphibians to change shape, according to new research.

Fertilizer use responsible for increase in nitrous oxide in atmosphere

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 11:49 AM PDT

Chemists have analyzed the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide – a greenhouse and ozone-destroying gas - in air samples from as far back as 1940 and found the fingerprint of nitrogen-based fertilizer. This fingerprint proves definitively that the 20 percent increase in atmospheric nitrogen since the Industrial Revolution is largely due to the Green Revolution, when use of synthetic fertilizers ramped up.

Scientists find slow subsidence of Earth's crust beneath the Mississippi delta

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 09:44 AM PDT

The Earth's crust beneath the Mississippi Delta sinks at a much slower rate than what had been assumed. The researchers arrived at their conclusions by comparing detailed sea-level reconstructions from different portions of coastal Louisiana.

New understanding to past global warming events: Hyperthermal events may be triggered by warming

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 09:44 AM PDT

A series of global warming events called hyperthermals that occurred more than 50 million years ago had a similar origin to a much larger hyperthermal of the period, the Pelaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), new research has found. The findings represent a breakthrough in understanding the major "burp" of carbon, equivalent to burning the entire reservoir of fossil fuels on Earth, that occurred during the PETM. The work confirms that the PETM was not a unique event - the result, perhaps, of a meteorite strike - but a natural part of Earth's carbon cycle.

Newly found protein helps cells build tissues

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 08:30 AM PDT

Biologists have found a new molecule in fruit flies that is key to the information exchange needed to build wings properly. They have also uncovered evidence that an analogous protein may exist in people and may be associated with problems such as cleft lip, or premature ovarian failure.

Grey seals in Baltic Sea consume as much fish as the fishing industry catches, research finds

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 08:28 AM PDT

The grey seals in the Baltic Sea compete for fish with the fishing industry. The seals locally eat about the same quantities of cod, common whitefish, salmon, sea trout and eel as those taken by fishermen, according to new research.

Ancient Egyptian cotton unveils secrets of domesticated crop evolution

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 06:39 AM PDT

Scientists studying 1,600-year-old cotton from the banks of the Nile have found what they believe is the first evidence that punctuated evolution has occurred in a major crop group within the relatively short history of plant domestication.

How key protein protects against viral infections

Posted: 02 Apr 2012 06:31 AM PDT

Scientists have discovered that a mouse protein called IFITM3 contributes to defense against some types of viral infections by binding to an enzyme responsible for regulating the pH of a cell's waste disposal system.

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