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Wednesday, September 10, 2014

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News


New digital map reveals stunning hidden archaeology of Stonehenge

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 04:21 PM PDT

A host of previously unknown archaeological monuments have been discovered around Stonehenge as part of an unprecedented digital mapping project that will transform our knowledge of this iconic landscape -- including remarkable new findings on the world's largest 'super henge,' Durrington Walls.

Brain structure could predict risky behavior

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 04:21 PM PDT

Some people avoid risks at all costs, while others will put their wealth, health, and safety at risk without a thought. Researchers have found that the volume of the parietal cortex in the brain could predict where people fall on the risk-taking spectrum.

Economic study confirms growth in autism

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 04:18 PM PDT

Autism cases aren't up just because mental health professionals are overdiagnosing the disorder. A study by two researchers using market theory shows the disorder really is more prevalent.

'Solid' light could compute previously unsolvable problems

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 10:08 AM PDT

Researchers have begun crystallizing light as part of an effort to answer fundamental questions about the physics of matter. As part of an effort to develop exotic materials such as room-temperature superconductors, the researchers have locked together photons, the basic element of light, so that they become fixed in place.

Companion star hidden for 21 years in a supernova's glare

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 10:07 AM PDT

Using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered a companion star to a rare class of supernova, known as a Type IIb. The discovery confirms a long-held theory that the supernova, dubbed SN 1993J, occurred inside what is called a binary system, where two interacting stars caused a cosmic explosion.

Carbon dioxide concentration surges: Record greenhouse gas levels impact atmosphere and oceans, WMO report finds

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 09:17 AM PDT

The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new record high in 2013, propelled by a surge in levels of carbon dioxide. This is according to the World Meteorological Organization's annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, which injected even greater urgency into the need for concerted international action against accelerating and potentially devastating climate change.

Squeezed quantum communication: Flashes of light in quantum states transmitted through atmosphere

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 08:33 AM PDT

Scientists have sent a pulse of bright light in a particularly sensitive quantum state through 1.6 kilometers of air. This quantum state, which they call squeezed, was maintained, which is something many physicists thought to be impossible. Eavesdropping on a message protected by quantum cryptography cannot be done without being noticed.

First evidence for water ice clouds found outside our solar system

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 08:07 AM PDT

A team of scientists has discovered the first evidence of water ice clouds on an object outside of our own Solar System. Water ice clouds exist on our own gas giant planets -- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune -- but have not been seen outside of the planets orbiting our Sun until now.

Buckyballs and diamondoids in tiny electronic gadget: Two exotic types of carbon form molecule for steering electron flow

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 06:38 AM PDT

Scientists have married two unconventional forms of carbon -- one shaped like a soccer ball, the other a tiny diamond -- to make a molecule that conducts electricity in only one direction. This tiny electronic component, known as a rectifier, could play a key role in shrinking chip components down to the size of molecules to enable faster, more powerful devices.

Shift in Arabia sea plankton may threaten fisheries

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 06:38 AM PDT

The rapid rise of an unusual plankton in the Arabian Sea has been documented by researchers who say that it could be disastrous for the predator fish that sustain 120 million people living on the sea's edge. "These blooms are massive, appear year after year, and could be devastating to the Arabian Sea ecosystem over the long-term," said the study's lead author.

Intervention in 6-month-olds with autism eliminates symptoms, developmental delay

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 06:37 AM PDT

Treatment at the earliest age when autism spectrum disorder is detectable -- in infants as young as 6 months old -- significantly reduces symptoms so that by age 3 most who received the therapy had neither autism nor delay, a research study has found.

Nuclear waste eaters: Scientists discover hazardous waste-eating bacteria

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 06:36 AM PDT

Tiny single-cell organisms discovered living underground could help with the problem of nuclear waste disposal, say researchers. Although bacteria with waste-eating properties have been discovered in relatively pristine soils before, this is the first time that microbes that can survive in the very harsh conditions expected in radioactive waste disposal sites have been found.

Milestone reached in work to build replacement kidneys in the lab

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 06:21 AM PDT

Working with human-sized pig kidneys, researchers have developed the most successful method to date to keep blood vessels in the new organs open and flowing with blood. This is a significant hurdle in the quest to engineer replacement kidneys for patients.

Sharks in acidic waters avoid smell of food

Posted: 09 Sep 2014 06:21 AM PDT

The increasing acidification of ocean waters caused by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could rob sharks of their ability to sense the smell of food, a new study suggests.

Enigmatic Viking fortress discovered in Denmark

Posted: 08 Sep 2014 06:36 AM PDT

On fields at Vallø Estate, near Køge, researchers have discovered traces of a massive Viking fortress built with heavy timbers and earthen embankments. The perfectly circular fortress is similar to the famous so-called 'Trelleborg' fortresses, which were built by King Harald Bluetooth around AD 980.

How quickly viruses can contaminate buildings -- from just a single doorknob

Posted: 08 Sep 2014 06:36 AM PDT

Using tracer viruses, researchers found that contamination of just a single doorknob or table top results in the spread of viruses throughout office buildings, hotels, and health care facilities. Within 2 to 4 hours, the virus could be detected on 40 to 60 percent of workers and visitors in the facilities and commonly touched objects.

Body's infection fighters chatter a lot: Scientists reveal cell secret potentially useful for vaccines

Posted: 08 Sep 2014 06:35 AM PDT

Researchers open a new page in the immune system's playbook, discovering more chatter goes on among the body's infection fighters than was suspected. The discovery that could help efforts to produce more effective vaccines.

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