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Tuesday, July 17, 2012

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News


Largest ancient dam built by Maya in Central America

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 04:14 PM PDT

Archeologists have identified the largest ancient dam built by the Maya in Central America. They reveal new details about sustainable water and land management among the ancient Maya.

Coastal populations are healthier than those inland, UK study finds

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 04:14 PM PDT

People living near the coast tend to have better health than those living inland, a new English study shows.

Neurons derived from cord blood cells may represent new therapeutic option

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 01:29 PM PDT

For more than 20 years, doctors have been using cells from blood that remains in the placenta and umbilical cord after childbirth to treat a variety of illnesses, from cancer and immune disorders to blood and metabolic diseases. Now, scientists have found a new way-using a single protein, known as a transcription factor-to convert cord blood (CB) cells into neuron-like cells that may prove valuable for the treatment of a wide range of neurological conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.

Force of nature: Defining the mechanical mechanisms in living cells

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 12:23 PM PDT

Researchers measured mechanical tension at the nanoscale to explore how living cells produce and detect force. The research could lead to a better understanding of how tissues and tumors form and grow, and, ultimately, to how complex living organisms organize themselves.

Human cells, worms, frogs and plants share mechanism for asymmetrical patterning: tubulin proteins

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 12:16 PM PDT

As organisms develop, their internal organs arrange in a consistent asymmetrical pattern -- heart and stomach to the left, liver and appendix to the right. But how does this happen? Biologists have produced the first evidence that a class of proteins that make up a cell's skeleton -- tubulin proteins -- drives asymmetrical patterning across a broad spectrum of species, including plants, nematode worms, frogs, and human cells, at their earliest stages of development.

Protein found in spider venom could treat muscular dystrophy

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 11:26 AM PDT

When a stockbroker from the Buffalo suburbs discovered that his grandson had Duchenne muscular dystrophy, he turned to medical researchers for help in developing a treatment. He found a promising new therapy involving spider venom. The therapy is not a cure. But if it works in humans, it could extend lives for years -- maybe even decades.

Record-breaking laser shot: National Ignition Facility fires off 192 laser beams delivering more than 500 trillion watts

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 10:45 AM PDT

Fifteen years of work by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's National Ignition Facility (NIF) team paid off on July 5 with a historic record-breaking laser shot. The NIF laser system of 192 beams delivered more than 500 trillion watts (terawatts or TW) of peak power and 1.85 megajoules (MJ) of ultraviolet laser light to its target. Five hundred terawatts is 1,000 times more power than the United States uses at any instant in time, and 1.85 megajoules of energy is about 100 times what any other laser regularly produces today.

Engineering technology reveals eating habits of giant dinosaurs

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 07:12 AM PDT

High-tech technology, traditionally usually used to design racing cars and aeroplanes, has helped researchers to understand how plant-eating dinosaurs fed 150 million years ago. A team of international researchers used CT scans and biomechanical modelling to show that Diplodocus -- one of the largest dinosaurs ever discovered -- had a skull adapted to strip leaves from tree branches.

Lab-engineered muscle implants restore function in animals

Posted: 16 Jul 2012 07:10 AM PDT

New research shows that exercise is a key step in building a muscle-like implant in the lab with the potential to repair muscle damage from injury or disease. In mice, these implants successfully prompt the regeneration and repair of damaged or lost muscle tissue, resulting in significant functional improvement.

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