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Sunday, May 4, 2014

ScienceDaily: Most Popular News

ScienceDaily: Most Popular News

Nearby galaxy is a 'fossil' from the early universe

Posted: 01 May 2014 10:26 AM PDT

Scientists analyzed the chemical elements in the faintest known galaxy, called Segue 1, and determined that it is effectively a fossil galaxy left over from the early universe. Stars form from gas clouds and their composition mirrors the chemical composition of the galactic gas from which they were born.

Humans have a nose for gender: Chemical cues influence perceptions of movement as more masculine or feminine

Posted: 01 May 2014 09:34 AM PDT

The human body produces chemical cues that communicate gender to members of the opposite sex, according to new research. Whiffs of the active steroid ingredients (androstadienone in males and estratetraenol in females) influence our perceptions of movement as being either more masculine or more feminine. The effect, which occurs completely without awareness, depends on both our biological sex and our sexual orientations.

Experimental drug prolongs life span in mice

Posted: 01 May 2014 08:23 AM PDT

Scientists newly identified a protein's key role in cell and physiological aging and have developed an experimental drug that inhibits the protein's effect and quadrupled the lifespan in a mouse model of accelerated aging. Their lungs and vascular system were protected from rapid aging. The experimental drug could potentially be used to treat human diseases that cause accelerated aging such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes and HIV infection and even extend someone's healthy life.

Stem cell therapy regenerates heart muscle damaged from heart attacks in primates

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 10:30 AM PDT

Heart cells created from human embryonic stem cells successfully restored damaged heart muscles in monkeys, researchers report. Stem-cell derived heart muscle cells infiltrated into damaged heart tissue, assembled muscle fibers and began to beat in synchrony with macaque heart cells. Scientists are working to reduce the risk of heart rhythm problems and to see if pumping action improves.

Length of exoplanet day measured for first time: Spin of Beta Pictoris b measured

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 10:28 AM PDT

Observations from ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) have, for the first time, determined the rotation rate of an exoplanet. Beta Pictoris b has been found to have a day that lasts only eight hours. This is much quicker than any planet in the planetary system — its equator is moving at almost 100,000 kilometers per hour. This new result extends the relation between mass and rotation seen in the solar system to exoplanets.

Simple tests of physical capability in midlife linked with survival

Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:48 PM PDT

Low levels of physical capability (in particular weak grip strength, slow chair rise speed and poor standing balance performance) in midlife can indicate poorer chances of survival over the next 13 years, while greater time spent in light intensity physical activity each day is linked to a reduced risk of developing disability in adults with or at risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, suggest two papers.

Mathematicians trace source of Rogers-Ramanujan identities, find algebraic gold

Posted: 29 Apr 2014 09:58 AM PDT

Mathematicians have found a framework for the celebrated Rogers-Ramanujan identities and their arithmetic properties, solving another long-standing mystery stemming from the work of Indian math genius Srinivasa Ramanujan. The findings yield a treasure trove of algebraic numbers and formulas to access them.

Interactions between humans and scavengers have been decisive in human evolution

Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:52 AM PDT

Scientists have concluded that the interactions that human have kept for millennia with scavengers like vultures, hyenas and lions, have been crucial in the evolution and welfare of humankind. The results of the study note that the extinction of large carnivorous mammals threatens to wipe out the many services that they provide us.
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ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

Synthesized 'solar' jet fuel: Renewable kerosene from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide

Posted: 03 May 2014 03:49 PM PDT

With the first ever production of synthesized "solar" jet fuel, the EU-funded SOLAR-JET project has successfully demonstrated the entire production chain for renewable kerosene obtained directly from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, therein potentially revolutionizing the future of aviation. This process has also the potential to produce any other type of fuel for transport applications, such as diesel, gasoline or pure hydrogen in a more sustainable way.

Many Ivy League students don't view ADHD medication misuse as cheating: 18 percent use stimulants to help them study

Posted: 01 May 2014 10:26 AM PDT

Nearly one in five students at an Ivy League college reported misusing a prescription stimulant while studying, and one-third of students did not view such misuse as cheating, according to a new study. Stimulants are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent studies have shown that students without ADHD are misusing these medications in hopes of gaining an academic edge.
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ScienceDaily: Living Well News

ScienceDaily: Living Well News

Nearly 50 percent of physicians believe diversion of ADHD stimulant medications among teens is a problem

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

Two recent studies examined physicians' perceptions and knowledge of diversion of stimulant medications for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as well as practices physicians use to prevent diversion among their patients prescribed these medications.

Lower verbal test score for toddlers who play non-educational games on touch screens

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

A recent study examined infants 0-3 years old that used touch-screen devices to determine if their use was of any educational benefit to infants and toddlers. The study showed that children who played non-educational games using touch-screen devices had lower verbal scores upon testing.

Nightmares may signal a child is being bullied

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

Many children who are bullied suffer in silence. The trauma can lead to anxiety, depression, psychotic episodes and even suicide. There may be a way to identify victims of bullying before they experience serious mental health problems, according to a new study.

Many infants still not placed on their backs to sleep

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

Since 1994, parents have been urged to put their babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. It appears many caregivers have not gotten the message, and health care providers have not done enough to educate families.

Supermarket access key ingredient in obesity programs

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

Living close to a supermarket appears to be a key factor in the success of interventions to help obese children eat better and improve their weight, according to a new study.

Using substances at school may be cry for help

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

When teens are caught drinking or using marijuana at school, a trip to the principal's office may not suffice. These students also should be screened for exposure to trauma, mental health problems and other serious health risks, according to a new study.

Many parents don't follow safe infant sleep practices

Posted: 03 May 2014 05:27 AM PDT

Each year, 4,000 babies die unexpectedly during sleep time from sudden infant death syndrome, accidental suffocation or unknown causes. To keep infants safe, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises caregivers to put babies to sleep on their backs and avoid sharing a bed, among other practices. Many families, however, are not following this advice, according to a new study.

Many Ivy League students don't view ADHD medication misuse as cheating: 18 percent use stimulants to help them study

Posted: 01 May 2014 10:26 AM PDT

Nearly one in five students at an Ivy League college reported misusing a prescription stimulant while studying, and one-third of students did not view such misuse as cheating, according to a new study. Stimulants are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent studies have shown that students without ADHD are misusing these medications in hopes of gaining an academic edge.
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ScienceDaily: Top Technology News

ScienceDaily: Top Technology News

Synthesized 'solar' jet fuel: Renewable kerosene from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide

Posted: 03 May 2014 03:49 PM PDT

With the first ever production of synthesized "solar" jet fuel, the EU-funded SOLAR-JET project has successfully demonstrated the entire production chain for renewable kerosene obtained directly from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, therein potentially revolutionizing the future of aviation. This process has also the potential to produce any other type of fuel for transport applications, such as diesel, gasoline or pure hydrogen in a more sustainable way.

Vibrating capsule shows promising results in treating chronic constipation: Non-pharmacological therapy

Posted: 03 May 2014 11:12 AM PDT

An oral capsule that vibrates as it moves through the digestive tract has shown notable promise as a non-pharmacological treatment for constipation, according to new research. The capsule, which houses a small engine inside, is programmed to begin vibrating six to eight hours after swallowing. The vibrations (mechanical stimulations) cause contractions in the intestine, which help move stool through the digestive tract.

The science of extraterrestrial Olympics, Brad Pitt's punches and Breaking Bad gore

Posted: 02 May 2014 05:14 AM PDT

Students have applied sophisticated scientific principles to pop culture scenarios -- with intriguing results. How would athletes fare if the Winter Olympics were held on Saturn's moon Enceladus? How realistic was the grizzly downfall of one of Walter White's most bitter rivals in Breaking Bad? And just how forceful was Brad Pitt's character One-Punch Mickey in the film Snatch?

Nature’s chemical diversity reflected in Swedish lakes

Posted: 02 May 2014 05:13 AM PDT

It's not only the biology of lakes that varies with the climate and other environmental factors, it's also their chemistry. More knowledge about this is needed to understand the ecology of lakes and their role in the carbon cycle and the climate.

Discovery could revolutionize computer and telecommunications industry

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 05:29 AM PDT

Scientists have discovered how to modify the behavior of a family of revolutionary materials known as topological insulators in a controlled way. These materials are destined to become the forerunners of a new generation of microprocessors with high performance and low energy consumption which will revolutionize the computer, mobile phone, telecommunication and car industries, etc. Remember that today, any industrial, domestic or energy consuming device has a microprocessor built in.

Four routes through Barcelona for scientific tourists

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 05:29 AM PDT

Physicists and science historians have traveled around various cities across the world, including Paris, Vienna, Berlin, New York, Berne, Barcelona and Madrid, in search of spaces historically related to physics.
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Saturday, May 3, 2014

Seems Legit!

There's no reason to get suspicious about any of these offers. No problems here!

27 Things That Are Totally And 100% Legit

Wait, you're saying that it only takes 12 weeks to go from that to THAT? Let's all sign up!

seems okay to me!

LOL

There's nothing like a perfectly-timed selfie. Here's to those who take them.

FAIL

"Aren't you worried you're missing out?" "When's the wedding?" And 16 other things never to say to a couple that's been dating forever.

OMG

One brave writer tried to eat 12 donuts from 12 donut shops in one morning. It nearly ended badly.

LOL

Cinco de Mayo is almost here. Here's how to celebrate it in the least regrettable way.

WIN

In uplifting teen news: This 89-year-old never got to go to her prom, so her great-grandson took her.

OMG

This can't be a coincidence: Katy Perry's been taking her fashion cues from an Archie Comics character.

!!!

Sometimes, the internet does amazing things. Like review this plastic banana slicer.

FTW

It's hard being perpetually tired. (But at least you've got the weekend to rest, right?)

LOL

And finally: What are you hiding? Are you living a lie?

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ScienceDaily: Strange Science News

ScienceDaily: Strange Science News

Hardy little space travelers could colonize Mars, space station research shows that

Posted: 02 May 2014 09:02 AM PDT

In the movies, humans often fear invaders from Mars. These days, scientists are more concerned about invaders to Mars, in the form of micro-organisms from Earth. Three recent scientific papers examined the risks of interplanetary exchange of organisms using research from the International Space Station.

Using speed of video game processors to improve cancer patient care

Posted: 02 May 2014 05:12 AM PDT

The speed of video game processors are being used to promote research that is aimed at improving patient care, a new study says. In recent years, video game processors, known as graphic processing units, or GPUs, have become massively powerful as game makers support increasingly elaborate video graphics with rapid-fire processing. Now medical researchers are looking to these GPUs for inspiration. One practical application is reducing the time required to calculate the radiation dose delivered to a tumor during proton radiotherapy, for example. The faster video processors can reduce the time of the most complex calculation method from 70 hours to just 10 seconds.

New insights into bacterial substitute for sex

Posted: 01 May 2014 04:26 PM PDT

Bacteria don't have sex as such, but they can mix their genetic material by pulling in DNA from dead bacterial cells and inserting these into their own genome. New research has found that this process -- called recombination -- is more complex than was first thought. The findings could help us understand why bacteria which cause serious diseases are able to evade vaccines and rapidly become drug-resistant.

Electronic nose sniffs out prostate cancer using urine samples

Posted: 01 May 2014 01:56 PM PDT

We may soon be able to make easy and early diagnoses of prostate cancer by smell. Investigators have established that a novel noninvasive technique can detect prostate cancer using an electronic nose. In a proof of principle study, the eNose successfully discriminated between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by "sniffing" urine headspace (the space directly above the urine sample). Results using the eNose are comparable to testing prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Crocodile tears please thirsty butterflies and bees

Posted: 01 May 2014 04:59 AM PDT

A butterfly and bee were most likely seeking scarce minerals and an extra boost of protein. On a beautiful December day in 2013, they found the precious nutrients in the tears of a spectacled caiman relaxing on the banks of the Río Puerto Viejo in northeastern Costa Rica.

Regenerative medicine approach improves muscle strength, function in leg injuries; Derived from pig bladder

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 11:30 AM PDT

Damaged leg muscles grew stronger and showed signs of regeneration in three out of five men whose old injuries were surgically implanted with extracellular matrix derived from pig bladder, according to a new study. Early findings are from a human trial of the process as well as from animal studies.

Robots may need to include parental controls

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 10:31 AM PDT

Older adults' fears that companion robots will negatively affect young people may create design challenges for developers hoping to build robots for older users, according to researchers. Companion robots provide emotional support for users and interact with them as they, for example, play a game, or watch a movie. Older adults reported in a study that while they were not likely to become physically and emotionally dependent on robots, they worried that young people might become too dependent on them.

Students devise concept for Star Wars-style deflector shields

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 06:14 AM PDT

If you have often imagined yourself piloting your X-Wing fighter on an attack run on the Death Star, you'll be reassured that University of Leicester students have demonstrated that your shields could take whatever the Imperial fleet can throw at you.

How a fish can fry: Scientists uncover evolutionary clues behind electric fish

Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:48 PM PDT

Take a muscle cell, modify it over millions of years, and you end up with an exciting and literally shocking evolutionary result: the electric fish. The authors of a new study speculate that the down-regulation of the Scn4aa gene leads to quicker evolution and adaptation. Electric fish have evolved several times in varying levels of complexity. By emitting and sensing weak electrical signals, the fish have bypassed the usual means of communication, such as with sounds and visual signals, and go directly to electrical signals. This allows them to quietly "talk" to each other in the dark so that most predators can't eavesdrop.

New analysis of seven ant genomes reveals clues to longer life spans associated with sociality

Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:48 PM PDT

Researchers have tried to uncover which genes could be involved in ant-specific adaptations, notably in relation to the evolution of complex social systems and division of labor. Using a combination of state-of-the-art evolutionary tools, the paper examines signatures of positive selection on a phylogeny of seven ants and compares these signatures with those detected in other insect datasets composed of 12 species of flies and 10 species of bees. This design allowed the authors to identify molecular patterns unique to ants, compared to flies and bees.
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ScienceDaily: Top Science News

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

Reducing just six risk factors could prevent 37 million deaths from chronic diseases over 15 years

Posted: 02 May 2014 05:47 PM PDT

Reducing or curbing just six modifiable risk factors—tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, salt intake, high blood pressure and blood sugar, and obesity—to globally-agreed target levels could prevent more than 37 million premature deaths over 15 years, from the four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs; cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory disease, cancers, and diabetes) according to new research.

Leaf chewing links insect diversity in modern and ancient forests

Posted: 02 May 2014 02:21 PM PDT

Observations of insects and their feeding marks on leaves in modern forests confirm indications from fossil leaf deposits that the diversity of chewing damage relates directly to diversity of the insect population that created it, according to scientists.

MERS coronavirus can be transmitted from camel to humans

Posted: 02 May 2014 05:13 AM PDT

The so-called Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus was first found in June 2012 in a patient from Saudi Arabia, who suffered from severe pneumonia. Since this time, more than 300 persons have developed an infection, of whom about a third died. The fact that the Arabian camel is the origin of the infectious disease has been confirmed recently. The transmission pathways of the viruses, however, have not been clear until now.

Crocodile tears please thirsty butterflies and bees

Posted: 01 May 2014 04:59 AM PDT

A butterfly and bee were most likely seeking scarce minerals and an extra boost of protein. On a beautiful December day in 2013, they found the precious nutrients in the tears of a spectacled caiman relaxing on the banks of the Río Puerto Viejo in northeastern Costa Rica.

Competition for ecological niches limits the formation of new species

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 11:30 AM PDT

The rate at which new species evolve is limited by competition for ecological niches. The study, which analyzes the evolutionary and genetic relationships between all 461 songbird species that live in the Himalayan mountains, suggests that as ecological niches within an environment are filled, the formation of new species slows or even stops.

Regenerative medicine approach improves muscle strength, function in leg injuries; Derived from pig bladder

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 11:30 AM PDT

Damaged leg muscles grew stronger and showed signs of regeneration in three out of five men whose old injuries were surgically implanted with extracellular matrix derived from pig bladder, according to a new study. Early findings are from a human trial of the process as well as from animal studies.

Your stress is my stress: Observing stress can trigger physical stress response

Posted: 30 Apr 2014 10:31 AM PDT

Merely observing stressful situations can trigger a physical stress response, research shows. Stress is a major health threat in today's society. It causes a range of psychological problems like burnout, depression and anxiety. Even those who lead relatively relaxed lives constantly come into contact with stressed individuals. Whether at work or on television: someone is always experiencing stress, and this stress can affect the general environment in a physiologically quantifiable way through increased concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol.

The big bad wolf was right: Among wasps, bigger eyes evolved to better see social cues

Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:58 PM PDT

Some paper wasps have variable facial patterns recognized by their sister wasps, marking either individuals or their strength, much like a karate belt. Researchers have now shown that those wasps with variable facial patterns have developed bigger facets in their compound eyes, and thus better vision, in order to read these social cues. Social communication may also drive evolution of senses in other species.
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