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Wednesday, September 25, 2013

ScienceDaily: Top Environment News

ScienceDaily: Top Environment News


Oldest existing lizard-like fossil hints at scaly origins

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 04:36 PM PDT

The fossilized remains of a reptile closely related to lizards are the oldest yet to be discovered. Two new fossil jaws discovered in Vellberg, Germany provide the first direct evidence that the ancestors of lizards, snakes and tuatara (known collectively as lepidosaurs), were alive during the Middle Triassic period -- around 240 million years ago.

Genetic study pushes back timeline for first significant human population expansion

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 02:43 PM PDT

Using new genetic tools, the authors conclude that the first significant expansion of human populations appears to be much older than the emergence of farming and herding, dating back to the Paleolithic (60,000-80,000 years ago) rather than Neolithic age (10,000 years ago). They also suggest that strong Paleolithic expansions may have favored the emergence of sedentary farming in some populations during the Neolithic.

New adsorbent is more effective and environmentally friendly for treating wastewater

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 02:41 PM PDT

A new adsorbent for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater that is more effective, reusable and eco-friendly, has been developed.

Late Cretaceous Period was likely ice-free

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 12:39 PM PDT

For years, scientists have thought that a continental ice sheet formed during the Late Cretaceous Period more than 90 million years ago when the climate was much warmer than it is today. Now, researchers have found evidence suggesting that no ice sheet formed at this time. This finding could help environmentalists and scientists predict what Earth's climate will be as carbon dioxide levels continue to rise.

Emissions and costs of power plant cycling necessary for increased wind and solar calculated

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 11:16 AM PDT

New research quantifies the potential impacts of increasing wind and solar power generation on the operators of fossil-fueled power plants in the West. To accommodate higher amounts of wind and solar power on the electric grid, utilities must ramp down and ramp up or stop and start conventional generators more frequently to provide reliable power for their customers -- a practice called cycling.

Uphill for the trees of the world

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 11:10 AM PDT

You'll need to get out your mountain boots to go for a walk in the woods in the future. A new study shows that forests are to an increasing extent growing on steep slopes all over the world.

Possible way to turn fungus from foe to friend

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 09:24 AM PDT

Candida albicans is a double agent: In most of us, it lives peacefully, but for people whose immune systems are compromised by HIV or other severe illnesses, it is frequently deadly. Now a new study shows how targeting a specific fungal component might turn the fungus from a lion back into a kitten.

Time to rethink misguided policies that promote biofuels to protect climate, experts say

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 09:24 AM PDT

Policymakers need to rethink the idea of promoting biofuels to protect the climate because the methods used to justify such policies are inherently flawed, according to a University of Michigan energy researcher.

Cheats of the bird world: Cuckoo finches fool host parents

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 08:34 AM PDT

Cuckoo finches that lay more than one egg in their victims' nests have a better chance of bamboozling host parents into fostering their parasitic young, a study has found.

Fusion, anyone? Not quite yet, but scientists show just how close we've come

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 08:31 AM PDT

The dream of igniting a self-sustained fusion reaction with high yields of energy, a feat likened to creating a miniature star on Earth, is getting closer to becoming reality, according to a new review of recent research.

Northern moths may fare better under climate warming than expected

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 07:32 AM PDT

Moths in northern Finland are less susceptible to rising temperatures than expected, suggesting high latitude moth populations around the world may be partly buffered from the effects of rapid climate warming, according to a new Dartmouth-Finnish study based on the most extensive analyses yet conducted of seasonal patterns in forest animals.

Europe-wide studies published on cormorant-fishery conflicts

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:15 AM PDT

Findings from a major Europe-wide study into cormorant-fishery conflicts are published this week, providing one of the most detailed ecological and socio-economic investigations of these fish-eating birds, their impacts and implications for their management.

New methods increases food and bioenergy production from cassava

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

New ways to utilize starch from cassava can provide food to an additional 30 million people without taking more arable land than today. By 2030, the figure will be 100 million. In addition, the same land can also contribute to an increased production of bioenergy.

Scientists develop artificial surfaces insects cannot stick to

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Beetles, cockroaches, and ants will have a harder time walking up the sides of buildings or air conditioners in the future -- thanks to the bio-inspired, anti-adhesive surfaces. The team studied plant surfaces in order to determine what influence cell form and microstructure as well as surface chemistry exert on the adhesion behavior of insects.

Voyager 1 magnetic data surprise intrigues researchers

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:05 AM PDT

Scientists are exploring surprising data from Voyager 1's crossing of the heliopause into the interstellar medium of our galaxy.

ScienceDaily: Living Well News

ScienceDaily: Living Well News


Having children lowers mortality in people with type 1 diabetes, women more than men

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 04:36 PM PDT

New research shows that having children lowers mortality in people with type 1 diabetes, but for women more than men.

Living better with heart failure by changing what you eat

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 12:36 PM PDT

Just 21 days of following a low-sodium DASH diet lowered blood pressure and improved heart function for older adults living with a common type of heart failure.

Older is wiser, at least economically

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 11:10 AM PDT

The brains of older people are slowing but experience more than makes up for the decline. Researchers came up with this conclusion after asking the participants a series of financially related questions.

Vitamin D alone does little to protect bone health in postmenopausal women

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 10:51 AM PDT

While calcium supplements noticeably improved bone health in postmenopausal women, vitamin D supplements did not reduce bone turnover, according to a recent study.

Professional French horn players in danger of developing noise-induced hearing loss

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 09:28 AM PDT

A new study has found further evidence that French horn players are one of the most at-risk groups of developing noise-induced hearing loss among professional orchestral musicians.

Develop after-sex contraceptive pill for routine use, urge researchers: Political opposition biggest hurdle

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 08:00 AM PDT

A contraceptive pill that could be routinely used after, rather than before, sex and fertilization is probably scientifically feasible and would probably be welcomed by many women, say researchers.

Playing with blocks may help children's spatial, math thinking

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:18 AM PDT

Playing with blocks may help preschoolers develop the kinds of skills that support later learning in science, technology, engineering, and math, according to a new study that examined over a hundred three-year-olds of various socioeconomic levels. Researchers emphasized the importance of the study's implications because block building and puzzle play can improve children's spatial skills that in turn support complex mathematical problem solving in middle and high school.

Responsive interactions key to toddlers' ability to learn language

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:18 AM PDT

Responsive interactions are the key to toddlers' ability to learn language, according to a new study. Researchers studied 36 two-year-olds, who learned new verbs either through training with a live person, live video chat technology such as Skype, or prerecorded video instruction. Children learned new words only when conversing with a person live and in the video chat, both of which involve responsive social interactions, thus highlighting the importance of responsive interactions for language learning.

Cross-ethnic friendships in schools make youths feel less vulnerable, safer

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:18 AM PDT

A new study found that cross-ethnic friendships in urban middle schools help make youths feel safer and less vulnerable. Researchers examined 536 Latino and 396 African American sixth graders from 66 classrooms in 10 urban American middle schools. The research suggests that these friendships increased feelings of safety and decreased those of vulnerability because no one ethnic group is numerically more powerful than any other group.

Caffeine consumption slows down brain development, rat study shows

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Humans and other mammals show particularly intensive sleeping patterns during puberty. The brain also matures fastest in this period. But when pubescent rats are administered caffeine, the maturing processes in their brains are delayed, a new study shows.

Sports medicine specialists make pitch to prevent overuse injuries in young athletes

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:05 AM PDT

Numerous studies indicate that approximately half of the sports-related injuries among children and adolescents in this country are caused by overuse. And overuse injuries are preventable.

Marriage associated with better cancer outcomes

Posted: 23 Sep 2013 02:57 PM PDT

People who are married when diagnosed with cancer live longer than those who are not, report researchers. Married patients also tended to have cancers diagnosed at an earlier stage -- when it is often more successfully treated -- and to receive more appropriate treatment. The findings suggest that the availability of social support when facing a serious illness may improve outcomes.

Bedsharing associated with longer breastfeeding; study warns of bedsharing risk

Posted: 23 Sep 2013 02:56 PM PDT

Frequent bedsharing between a mother and infant was associated with longer duration of breastfeeding, but researchers warned of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) associated with bedsharing.

ScienceDaily: Strange Science News

ScienceDaily: Strange Science News


How stress can rewire brain making benign smells malodorous

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 02:41 PM PDT

In evolutionary terms, smell is among the oldest of the senses. New research shows how anxiety or stress can rewire the brain, linking centers of emotion and olfactory processing, to make typically benign smells malodorous.

Professional French horn players in danger of developing noise-induced hearing loss

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 09:28 AM PDT

A new study has found further evidence that French horn players are one of the most at-risk groups of developing noise-induced hearing loss among professional orchestral musicians.

Cheats of the bird world: Cuckoo finches fool host parents

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 08:34 AM PDT

Cuckoo finches that lay more than one egg in their victims' nests have a better chance of bamboozling host parents into fostering their parasitic young, a study has found.

iPhones for the eyes: Smart phone photography to help diagnose eye disease

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 07:30 AM PDT

Researchers describe the relatively simple technique of fundus photography in eyes using a smartphone, an inexpensive app for the smartphone, and instruments that are readily available in an ophthalmic practice.

Warning of potential side effects of a product can increase its sales

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:18 AM PDT

Drug ads often warn of serious side effects, from nausea and bleeding to blindness, even death. New research suggests that, rather than scaring consumers away, these warnings can improve consumers' opinions and increase product sales when there is a delay between seeing the ad and deciding to buy or consume the product.

Scientists confirm functionality of emergency ventilation system for horses

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Respiratory or cardiovascular arrest in outdoor animals poses a huge challenge to veterinarians. Ventilation equipment is generally hard to operate and requires electricity and compressed air. Vetrinary anaesthesiologists have now developed an inexpensive device for the ventilation of large animals. It is easy to transport and can save animal lives in emergencies.

Scientists develop artificial surfaces insects cannot stick to

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Beetles, cockroaches, and ants will have a harder time walking up the sides of buildings or air conditioners in the future -- thanks to the bio-inspired, anti-adhesive surfaces. The team studied plant surfaces in order to determine what influence cell form and microstructure as well as surface chemistry exert on the adhesion behavior of insects.

Brain may rely on computer-like mechanism to make sense of novel situations

Posted: 23 Sep 2013 02:59 PM PDT

Our brains give us the remarkable ability to make sense of situations we've never encountered before -- a familiar person in an unfamiliar place, for example, or a coworker in a different job role -- but the mechanism our brains use to accomplish this has been a longstanding mystery of neuroscience. Now, researchers have demonstrated that our brains could process these new situations by relying on a method similar to the "pointer" system used by computers. "Pointers" are used to tell a computer where to look for information stored elsewhere in the system to replace a variable.

New password in a heartbeat

Posted: 23 Sep 2013 02:59 PM PDT

Researchers propose a system to prevent cyberattacks on pacemakers, defibrillators and other devices that use wireless communications.

ScienceDaily: Top Technology News

ScienceDaily: Top Technology News


Dangers and potential of nanomaterials examined

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 12:36 PM PDT

After a decade of rapidly growing industrial use, unimaginably tiny particles surround us everywhere, every day, in everything we do. Used in the manufacturing of cosmetics, clothing, paints, food, drug delivery systems and many other familiar products we all use daily, little is known about the effects these materials have on health. Scientists are now finding inhalation of engineered nanomaterials negatively impacts gestational development in animal models.

Astronomers discover densest galaxy ever

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 11:17 AM PDT

Imagine the distance between the sun and the star nearest to it -- a star called Alpha Centauri. That's a distance of about four light years. Now, imagine as many as 10,000 of our suns crammed into that relatively small space. That is about the density of a galaxy that was recently discovered by an international team of astronomers led by a Michigan State University faculty member.

Emissions and costs of power plant cycling necessary for increased wind and solar calculated

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 11:16 AM PDT

New research quantifies the potential impacts of increasing wind and solar power generation on the operators of fossil-fueled power plants in the West. To accommodate higher amounts of wind and solar power on the electric grid, utilities must ramp down and ramp up or stop and start conventional generators more frequently to provide reliable power for their customers -- a practice called cycling.

New steering tech for heavy equipment saves fuel, ups efficiency

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 09:28 AM PDT

Researchers have shown how to reduce fuel consumption while improving the efficiency of hydraulic steering systems in heavy construction equipment.

Fusion, anyone? Not quite yet, but scientists show just how close we've come

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 08:31 AM PDT

The dream of igniting a self-sustained fusion reaction with high yields of energy, a feat likened to creating a miniature star on Earth, is getting closer to becoming reality, according to a new review of recent research.

iPhones for the eyes: Smart phone photography to help diagnose eye disease

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 07:30 AM PDT

Researchers describe the relatively simple technique of fundus photography in eyes using a smartphone, an inexpensive app for the smartphone, and instruments that are readily available in an ophthalmic practice.

New theory for analysing interacting nuclear spins in solvents

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:15 AM PDT

Hardly a spectroscopic method boasts so many different applications as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, better known as "NMR." The approach of NMR spectroscopy is based on monitoring the so-called nuclear spin, namely the angular momentum of atoms, or, more precisely: the magnetic moment associated with them. The atom thus becomes a bar magnet, whose axis is aligned within a magnetic field but is otherwise arbitrarily oriented within its environment.

New device to revolutionize gaming in virtual realities

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:15 AM PDT

How is it possible to walk through 3-D virtual realities while staying in one place? Engineers have solved this problem and are now introducing their "Virtualizer".

Scientists develop artificial surfaces insects cannot stick to

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Beetles, cockroaches, and ants will have a harder time walking up the sides of buildings or air conditioners in the future -- thanks to the bio-inspired, anti-adhesive surfaces. The team studied plant surfaces in order to determine what influence cell form and microstructure as well as surface chemistry exert on the adhesion behavior of insects.

The dragon awakens: Colossal explosion from supermassive black hole at centre of galaxy revealed

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Two million years ago, a supermassive black hole at the heart of our galaxy erupted in an explosion so immensely powerful that it lit up a cloud 200,000 light years away, astronomers have revealed.

Counting on neodymium: Promising candidate for information processing with magnetic molecules

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:13 AM PDT

Magnetic molecules are regarded as promising functional units for the future of information processing. Scientists have now produce particularly robust magnetic molecules that enable a direct electrical readout of magnetic information. This was made possible by selecting the rare earth metal neodymium as the central building block of the molecule.

Voyager 1 magnetic data surprise intrigues researchers

Posted: 24 Sep 2013 06:05 AM PDT

Scientists are exploring surprising data from Voyager 1's crossing of the heliopause into the interstellar medium of our galaxy.

New password in a heartbeat

Posted: 23 Sep 2013 02:59 PM PDT

Researchers propose a system to prevent cyberattacks on pacemakers, defibrillators and other devices that use wireless communications.